An experimentation has been carried out in simulated Mediterranean and tropical laboratory conditions aimed to show the Moso bamboo capability of phytoextraction chromium from contaminated soil. Electronic microscopy supported the analyses performed on soil and on the different plant tissues. A preliminary test on the bamboo has been carried out in laboratory evaluating his growth with irrigation in Mediterranean conditions (600 mm/year) and tropical conditions (1.800 mm/year). A test of the bamboo tolerance of was also carried out by measuring his growth with irrigation with a solution of 100 mg Cr/l, reporting not significant damages to the plant tissues. Subsequently chromium phytoextraction was tested highlighting that bamboo removes Cr from soil with a percentage ranging from 43% (600 mm/year) to 47.4% (1.800 mm/year) of the total content in soil. Lastly, the distribution of chromium in the different fragments of the bamboo plants has been performed. It has been shown that approx. 69% of chromium, in Mediterranean conditions, was in the rhizomes and approx. 68% in tropical conditions. A slightly higher tendency to chromium translocation to leaves has been shown in tropical conditions than in Mediterranean conditions.
The aim of this study is to carry out an experimental investigation on electricity consumption in wastewater treatment plants in Italy based on aerobic and anaerobic digestion wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The data refer to plants managed by two major water resources management companies in Italy, Hera and Acquedotto Pugliese (AQP). The survey makes use of statistical tools for data analysis of 202 urban wastewater treatment plants. In order to extend the reliability of the survey, electricity consumption data were analysed through three specific energy demand indicators: kWh/m3, kWh/PE•year, kWh/kgCODremoved referred to each plant. The results show that anaerobic systems are advantageous in terms of electricity consumption per m3 as they achieve more than 50% saving with values ranging from 1.02 kWh/m3 for aerobic plants, instead of 0.43 kWh/m3 for the anaerobic ones. Differences have been found in terms of anaerobic digestion efficiency between the data concerning the plants in northern Italy – Hera Company with an average of 0.33 kWh/m3- and those in Apulia – AQP company with an average of 0.53 kWh/m3. Aerobic systems showed more energy consumption also for HERA managed WWTP. If anaerobic digestion were implemented on all the AQP WWTP energy savings should be of approximately. 16% and approximately. 42% if related to HERA anaerobic based WWTP average performance.
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