Wildlife species are involved in the transmission of diverse pathogens. This study aimed to monitor raccoons (Procyon lotor), American minks (Neovison vison), and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as potential reservoirs in central Spain. Specifically, 200 spleen and fecal samples (from 194 raccoons, 3 minks, and 3 foxes) were analyzed molecularly by PCR/qPCR and sequencing for the presence of piroplasmids, Hepatozoon spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Ehrlichia canis infections in the Community of Madrid (Spain). Biological samples were obtained in the years 2014, 2015, and 2016. No pathogen DNA was found in fecal samples. In contrast, analysis of raccoon spleen samples revealed that Toxoplasma was the most prevalent pathogen (prevalence 3.6 ± 2.6%), followed by Hepatozoon canis and E. canis (each with a prevalence of 2.57 ± 2.2%). Hepatozoon canis was also diagnosed in all three of the analyzed foxes. Analysis of yearly prevalence showed that tick-borne pathogens were less frequent in raccoon in 2015, a dry and warm year compared both to 2014 and 2016. These data suggest that fecal PCR assays are unsuitable for detection of DNA of non-erythrocytic pathogens. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the raccoon (an invasive species often living in proximity to domestic areas) and the red fox are putative reservoirs for pathogenic organisms in the Community of Madrid.
La elevada incidencia del Enterococcus faecalis en procedimientos odontológicos es un tópico de interés para el área de la salud, esta bacteria resiste a varios antimicrobianos y su proliferación aumenta debido a su baja susceptibilidad a sustancias de uso convencional como el hidróxido de calcio, convirtiéndose en una de las principales causas del fracaso de los tratamientos de conducto. La presente investigación evaluó la susceptibilidad in vitro del Enterococcus faecalis cepa ATCC-29212 frente a la combinación de sustancias y antibióticos con el hidróxido de calcio. Se utilizó la técnica de difusión en agar, inoculando el microorganismo en cajas de Petri con agar Cerebro Corazón (BHI), tratado con discos de papel filtro impregnados con 1µl de cada tratamiento por triplicado; T1 (Hidróxido de Calcio + propilenglicol), T2 (Hidróxido de Calcio + paramonoclorofenol), T3 (Hidróxido de Calcio + ampicilina gentamicina + propilenglicol), T4 (Hidróxido de Calcio + Solución Salina Fisiológica), Control positivo (medicamento comercial a base de Hidróxido de Calcio), se incubó a 35°C durante 24h, los halos formados alrededor de cada disco fueron medidos y comparados con la escala de Duraffourd y procesados mediante ANOVA de un factor. Se obtuvo una medida del halo de inhibición de 22,50±3,3 mm, con el tratamiento T3, siendo sumamente sensible. Concluyendo que este resultó el más efectivo en comparación el resto de las pruebas in vitro en comparación con el resto de los fármacos investigados.
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