Trichoderma atroviride was tested in vitro for its sensitivity to different herbicides. The dosages tested were recommended dosage (RD), half dosage (½RD), and double dosage (2RD). Germination, colony-forming units (CFU), radial growth, and spore production were evaluated. Carfentrazone-ethyl and sulfentrazone inhibited the germination at RD and 2RD. A reduction in the CFU was observed for glufosinate-ammonium, atrazine, carfentrazone-ethyl, diuron + paraquat dichloride, imazapyr, oxyfluorfen, and sulfentrazone at each of the tested dosages. Radial growth was influenced by ametryn, atrazine, carfentrazone-ethyl, oxyfluorfen, and sulfentrazone herbicides, with an 80% reduction of the colonial area. Spore production was affected by carfentrazone-ethyl, oxyfluorfen, and sulfentrazone with colonial area reductions of over 70%. It was concluded that 2,4 D, clomazone, and imazapyr herbicides showed the least toxicity to T. atroviride and should be used in the crops where the fungus has been applied for phytopathogen control.
Effect of Agrochemicals Based on Vegetable and Mineral Oil on the Viability of Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin and Paecilomyces sp. Bainier ABSTRACT -Many phytosanitary products have either vegetable or mineral oils as active ingredients or adjuvants. However, there are few papers that investigated the effects of these products on entomopathogenic fungi. Most studies refer to the use of oils as adjuvants in entomopathogen formulations with entomopathogens, and not as adjuvants in the tank mix. The objective of this study was to verify the compatibility of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin, and Paecilomyces sp. Bainier with agrochemicals based on mineral and vegetable oil in the tank mixes. Fourteen products were tested at their average recommended field rates. Conidial viability was estimated based on the percentage of germinated conidia and the number of colony-forming units (CFU).
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de Beauveria bassiana (Bb), terra diatomácea (TD) e microrganismos eficazes (EM-4), associados ou não, no controle de Alphitobius diaperinus, e o efeito de EM-4 no desenvolvimento de B. bassiana. Os agentes de controle (Bb, TD e EM-4), em diferentes concentrações e combinações, foram aplicados em uma mistura de cama-de-frango e ração, em que os insetos foram acondicionados por dez dias. Avaliaram-se, in vitro: a germinação, as unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC), o crescimento vegetativo e a produtividade de conídios de Bb em contato com suspensão aquosa de EM-4 (1%) não filtrada e filtrada. Os maiores índices de mortalidade foram observados nos tratamentos TD + Bb + EM-4 e TD + Bb, nas maiores concentrações. Verificou-se efeito não-aditivo sinérgico para TD + Bb nas três concentrações. Nos testes com EM-4 filtrado, não houve diferença em relação à testemunha quanto à germinação e às UFC, entretanto, o crescimento vegetativo e a produtividade de conídios foram negativamente afetados. O uso conjunto de B. bassiana e terra diatomácea, para o manejo de populações de A. diaperinus, pode reduzir o uso de produtos químicos.Termos para indexação: avicultura, cascudinho, controle biológico, entomopatógeno, Tenebrionidae. Associated control of Alphitobius diaperinus and effect of effective microorganisms in the development of Beauveria bassianaAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate Beauveria bassiana (Bb), diatomaceous earth (TD) and effective microorganisms (EM-4), associated or not, to Alphitobius diaperinus control, and the EM-4 effect on B. bassiana development. The control agents (Bb, TD and EM-4), in different concentrations and combinations, were applied in a mixture of litter and chicken food, where insects had been left per ten days. Conidia germination, colony-forming units (CFU), vegetative growth and the productivity of Bb conidia were evaluated when in contact with a filtered and non filtered watery EM-4 suspension (1%). The highest indices of mortality were observed in the treatments TD + Bb + EM and TD + Bb in the highest concentrations. A synergic non additive effect was observed for TD + Bb in the three concentrations. In filtered EM-4 tests, no difference was observed related to the control of germination and CFU, however, vegetative growth and conidia productivity were negatively affected. The joint use of B. bassiana and diatomaceous earth for A. diaperinus populations management can minimize the use of chemical products.Index terms: poultry keeping, darkling beetle, biological control, entomopathogen, Tenebrionidae. IntroduçãoOs avanços na avicultura, obtidos pelo melhoramento genético dos animais, nutrição e manejo, resultaram em curtos períodos de criação, porém em condições que comprometem o bem-estar das aves e a eficiência dos sistemas de produção. Entre os problemas, pode-se citar a ocorrência, em grandes populações, de Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), também conhecido como cascudinho. Esse ins...
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