O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sazonalidade da qualidade da água superficial e subterrânea nas proximidades do lixão de Salinópolis, situado na Vila de Cuiarana, por meio da caracterização da precipitação da região e da sua influência na composição físico-química e microbiológica das águas locais. Para isso, foram observados os dados dos acumulados mensais da precipitação local, medição da velocidade de infiltração no solo e medição da vazão dos rios Cachoeira e Teixeira. Foram selecionados os parâmetros físico-químicos e bacteriológicos: pH, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), temperatura da água, sólidos totais dissolvidos (TDS), turbidez, condutividade elétrica (CE), salinidade, amônia, nitrato, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli; e os metais: alumínio, cádmio, chumbo, cobre, cromo, ferro, manganês, mercúrio, níquel e zinco. Tanto as águas superficiais quanto as subterrâneas se apresentaram inadequadas para uso e consumo humano. Parâmetros como OD, ferro, alumínio, chumbo, mercúrio, coliformes totais e E. coli estão em desconformidade com as legislações vigentes. O período chuvoso influenciou negativamente a qualidade em águas superficiais. Em águas subterrâneas, parâmetros como amônia, nitrato, ferro, mercúrio e chumbo estiveram em maiores concentrações no período menos chuvoso; enquanto, CE, E. coli, coliformes totais e alumínio aumentaram suas concentrações no período chuvoso.
The gradual development of government policies for ecological transition in the modern construction sector leads researchers to explore new alternative and low environmental impact materials with a particular focus on bio-sourced materials. In this perspective, the mechanical, thermal insulation, and the sound absorption performances of a spent coffee grounds/potato starch bio-based composite were analyzed for potential application in buildings. Based on thermal conductivity and diffusivity tests, the coffee grounds waste biocomposite was characterized as an insulating material comparable with conventional thermal insulation materials of plant origin. Acoustical tests revealed absorption coefficients in the same range as other conventional materials used in building acoustical comfort. This bio-sourced material presented a sufficient compressive mechanical behavior for non-load-bearing structures and a sufficient mechanical capacity to be shaped into building bricks. Mechanical, thermal, and acoustic performances depend on the moisture environment. The groundwork was laid for an initial reflection on how this composite would behave in two opposite climates: the continental climate of Reims in France and the tropical climate of Belém in Brazil.
In Brazil, Law No. 9,433/2007 was responsible for establishing the National Water Resources Policy and the National Water Resources Management System, with the aim of maintaining the quality and quantity of water resources, reducing conflicts due to multiple water uses and increasing the participation of civil society in decision-making on issues related to this resource. In 2001, it was the turn of Pará State to institute its own water resources legislation through State Law No. 6,381/2001, in consonance with federal legislation. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the institution of the Water Law in the State of Pará and to investigate how far the State has managed to implement the entities that make up its State Water Resources Management System and its management instruments. For this reason, a documental research was carried out in the record and resolutions of the State Council of Water Resources of Pará, a advisory, normative and deliberative body and occupant of the highest position within the state system, on the SEMAS website that contains in the Management Body of the state's water resources policy and in academic papers related to this subject. The results reveal that, even after almost two decades of this legislation, not all entities in the system are instituted, as well as some management instruments were not elaborated, particularly the State Water Resources Plan given its degree of importance.
A preliminary study on a petrochemical harbor as a potential source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to surface sediments of Guajará bay, located in Belém City, Pará State, Brazil, over the last 10 years is presented here. The 16 priority USEPA PAH were identified and quantified. Surface sediment samples, collected at 5 sites in the bay, near Miramar Petrochemical Harbor (TEMIR), were extracted and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector. Total PAH concentration ranged from 533.0 to 3123.3 ng g-1 dry weight with a mean concentration of 1091.9 ng g-1. The most contaminated places were those where muddy sediments were found with highest concentrations of organic matter. The priority PAH with low molecular weight represented 54.4% of the total abundance and indicate that the main source of contamination of the sediments was petrogenic, indicative of the relevant contribution of the petrochemical harbor activity to the input of PAH to Guajará bay. However, pyrolytic PAH coming from fuel combustion, household waste combustion and untreated sewage discharge are also potential contamination sources to this environment.
Bacias hidrográficas são consideradas unidades de estudo para o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos, bem como para o planejamento adequado de diferentes usos e ocupação do solo, visto a necessidade de acesso à água. A Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Benfica - BHRB, localizada na Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB), apresenta uma urbanização desordenada, suprimindo áreas verdes e as margens dos cursos d’água, potencializando processos erosivos e assoreamentos dos rios. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência de diferentes usos e ocupação do solo, associada à declividade e ao escoamento superficial, sobre os recursos hídricos da BHRB, através de técnicas de geoprocessamento. Imagens e arquivos vetoriais disponibilizados por diferentes Instituições foram obtidos e processados no software ArcGis versão 10.1. Os resultados demonstraram que a área da BHRB é predominantemente urbanizada e plana e, a maioria das direções de fluxo do escoamento superficial convergem para a sua foz (sentido Norte-Noroeste). Os índices físicos apontam que a bacia apresenta tendência a enchentes e suscetibilidade a inundações. Verificou-se também, com a composição uso do solo, declividade e escoamento superficial, que, sobre as áreas urbanizadas, há o predomínio de pontos de concentração do fluxo de escoamento, onde há a ocorrência de inundação. Mediante os resultados, verificou-se necessidade da reconstituição de áreas verdes e da criação e implementação de um Plano de Recursos Hídricos (PRH) para a bacia. Faz-se necessária a implementação de políticas públicas voltadas para o saneamento básico e fiscalização das áreas de preservação ambiental na área da BHRB. Management of Hydrographic Basins and their influence on Water Resources: Case Study in the Hydrographic Basin of the Benfica River, Metropolitan Region of Belém/PA A B S T R A C TRiver basins are study units for the management of water resources, as well as for the proper planning of different land uses and occupations. The Benfica River Basin - BRB, located in the Metropolitan Region of Belém (MRB), Pará, Brazil, has a disorderly urbanization on the banks of the watercourses, suppressing green areas and intensifying erosive processes and siltation of rivers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different land uses and occupations associated with slope and surface runoff on the water resources of BRB through geoprocessing techniques. Vector images and files made available by different institutions were obtained and processed in ArcGis software version 10.1. The results showed that the BRB area is predominantly urbanized and flat, and most surface runoff directions converge to its mouth (North-Northwest direction). The physical indices indicate that the basin is prone to flood and susceptible to inundation. It was also verified with the composition of land use, slope and surface runoff that, over urbanized areas, there is a predominance of points of flow concentration, where flooding occurs. The results pointed to the need for reconstitution of green areas and creation and implementation of a Water Resources Plan (WRP) for the studied basin. It is necessary to implement public policies aimed at basic sanitation and supervision of environmental preservation areas in the BRB area.Keywords: Geoprocessing. Morphometric characteristics. Land use and occupation. Hydrology. Management of Hydrographic Basins and their influence on Water Resources: Case Study in the Hydrographic Basin of the Benfica River, Metropolitan Region of Belém/PA A B S T R A C TRiver basins are study units for the management of water resources, as well as for the proper planning of different land uses and occupations. The Benfica River Basin - BRB, located in the Metropolitan Region of Belém (MRB), Pará, Brazil, has a disorderly urbanization on the banks of the watercourses, suppressing green areas and intensifying erosive processes and siltation of rivers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different land uses and occupations associated with slope and surface runoff on the water resources of BRB through geoprocessing techniques. Vector images and files made available by different institutions were obtained and processed in ArcGis software version 10.1. The results showed that the BRB area is predominantly urbanized and flat, and most surface runoff directions converge to its mouth (North-Northwest direction). The physical indices indicate that the basin is prone to flood and susceptible to inundation. It was also verified with the composition of land use, slope and surface runoff that, over urbanized areas, there is a predominance of points of flow concentration, where flooding occurs. The results pointed to the need for reconstitution of green areas and creation and implementation of a Water Resources Plan (WRP) for the studied basin. It is necessary to implement public policies aimed at basic sanitation and supervision of environmental preservation areas in the BRB area.Keywords: Geoprocessing. Morphometric characteristics. Land use and occupation. Hydrology.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar a caracterização morfométrica da bacia hidrográfica do rio Maú, que está localizado no nordeste paraense, com base em técnicas de geoprocessamento, proporcionando, assim, fornecendo subsídios à sua gestão. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a sub-bacia possui uma baixa suscetibilidade a enchentes e seus índices morfométricos como: fator de forma, índice de circularidade e o coeficiente de compacidade são indicativos que a sub-bacia do rio Maú possui forma alongada que contribui para a não degradação natural. Analisando o uso e ocupação na sub-bacia se evidenciou a significada influência antrópica, uma vez que 48,61% da sua área é ocupada por agropecuária, indicando uma preocupação com a conservação da sub-bacia.
O desafio para gestão dos recursos hídricos em meio ao crescimento populacional e industrial é encontrado tanto em regiões em estresse hídrico, quanto em regiões com ampla disponibilidade hídrica como por exemplo, a região amazônica. Com isso, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar a gestão dos recursos hídricos do Estado do Pará, apresentando uma proposta metodológica para análise de processos, no qual solicitam outorga para diluição de lançamento de efluentes, utilizando como estudo de caso a bacia do Paracuri, localizado em Icoaraci, Belém-Pará. Para tanto, a caracterização da atual situação da gestão dos recursos hídricos foi realizada a partir de aplicação de questionários aos gestores da SEMAS/PA, responsáveis pela formulação e execução das resoluções e leis referentes aos recursos hídricos. Evaluation of the management of water resources in the state of Pará: a methodological proposal for analysis of dilution of effluent release - Case study of the hydrographic basin of the Paracuri river in Belém do Pará A B S T R A C TThe challenge for the management of water resources between of population and industrial growth is found both in regions under water stress and in regions with wide water availability, such as the Amazon region. Therefore, the general objective of this work was to evaluate the management of the water resources of the State of Pará presenting a methodological proposal for process analysisin which they request granting for dilution of effluent releases using as a case study the Paracuri basin located in Icoaraci, Belém-Pará. Thus, the characterization of the current situation of water resources management was carried out through the application of questionnaires to the managers of SEMAS/PA responsible for the formulation and execution of resolutions and laws related to water resources. Key words: water resources, hydrographic basin, environmental epidemiology.
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