INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the shape and dimension of dental arches from a lingual perspective, and determine shape and size of a straight archwire used for lingual Orthodontics. METHODS: The study sample comprised 70 Caucasian Brazilian individuals with normal occlusion and at least four of Andrew's six keys. Maxillary and mandibular dental casts were digitized (3D) and the images were analyzed by Delcam Power SHAPET 2010 software. Landmarks on the lingual surface of teeth were selected and 14 measurements were calculated to determine the shape and size of dental arches. RESULTS: Shapiro-Wilk test determined small arch shape by means of 25th percentile (P25%) - an average percentile for the medium arch; and a large one determined by means of 75th percentile (P75%). T-test revealed differences between males and females in the size of 12 dental arches. CONCLUSION: The straight-wire arch shape used in the lingual straight wire technique is a parabolic-shaped arch, slightly flattened on its anterior portion. Due to similarity among dental arch sizes shown by males and females, a more simplified diagram chart was designed.

Objective:To analyze a possible correlation between different measures in the definition of vertical facial types.Materials and Methods:This is an analytical observational study about 95 lateral teleradiographs of Caucasian individuals with normal occlusion, of which 54 were male (56.84%) and 41 female (43.16%), aged between 15 years and 2 months old and 21 years and 4 months old. Facial types were divided into dolichofacial, mesofacial, and brachyfacial, according to the standards established by different authors. A relationship between these measurements was verified using total agreement analysis and the Kappa method, with the interpretation suggested by Landis and Koch.Results:Kappa was considered fair for Jarabak X VERT (0.22 and 60%) and slight for Jarabak X SN. GoGn (0.06 and 36.8%).Conclusions:Cephalometric studies often present different interpretations on the description of vertical facial types. In this study, the lowest agreement was between Jarabak and SN.GoGn. Such difference in interpretation may lead to distinct therapeutic approaches and thus different results.

Introduction: Adult and young adult patients have been increasingly seeking for orthodontic treatments and almost all of them want it to be done by an aesthetic appliance with maximum invisibility. The lingual technique has emerged in the late 1970s and has now become a very viable alternative to perform orthodontic treatments, however, many cases of treatment or retreatment involve correction through orthognathic surgery. The surgical technique is more sedimented and simplified as a great aid in the correction of skeletal discrepancies. Objectives: This article aims to show the correction of malocclusion and discrepancy between dental arches, with the lingual orthodontic technique and the surgical association. Conclusion: It is possible to provide to the patient an adequate correction of malocclusion, maintaining the desired aesthetics through the lingual technique and orthognathic surgery

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Objective: To analyze the variations of hard palate volume in adults with normal occlusion and different facial types and patterns, by using a three-dimensional analysis on digital casts. Methods: The dental casts of 70 Caucasian adults (28 men, 42 women), mean age of 16.4 years (SD 1.3 years), were scanned by using a tridimensional scanner (Delcam PowerSHAPE™, 2010, Birmingham, UK). Close points were selected in the gingival and cervical regions on the lingual surface of the maxillary teeth, to analyze palatal morphology. The facial patterns and types, and the measurements (width, length, height, volume) of the space on the hard palate were compared using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with age as the covariate, and sex as the independent variable. The significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) was adopted. Results: This study showed that the measurements of the width and length were similar among the mesofacial, dolichofacial and brachyfacial facial types, although the height and volume of the space on the hard palate were slightly smaller in dolichofacial individuals, and both Pattern I and Pattern II individuals showed no significant changes for the four measurements. The mean values among facial patterns were: Pattern I - width 38.31±2.59 mm; length 37.44±2.42 mm; height 17.03±2.42 mm and volume 10.52±1.72 mm3; Pattern II - width 37.48±2.44 mm; length 37.48±2.44 mm; height 16.79±2.42 mm and volume 10.41±1.65 mm3 (p>0.05 for all variables). Conclusion: There were no significant differences for the facial patterns and facial types of the individuals compared in the analyzed sample.

Introduction: In lingual orthodontics technique the brackets are positioned on the teeth lingual surface, and for this reason it is known as a difficult technique due to the complexity of brackets positioning. During the evolution of this technique many forms of lingual appliance assembly were developed. The most used technique recommended to make an orthodontic set-up model and later to transfer the appliance to the patient’s mouth using trays or jigs in order to perform the bonding itself. Subsequently, another and more simplified lingual appliance form emerged, in which the bonding would be performed directly, that is, on the lingual surface of the enamel, but it required greater skill from the professional. Also, it could be done on the cast model of malocclusion, without making the set-up model. Objectives: To facilitate the technique using technological resources with as a scanner and a software replacing some analogical steps in the assembly of the lingual device. Material and Method: Intraoral digitizing is performed by a scanner where the models are obtained in STL files, that inserted in the software together with the STL files of the lingual brackets will be positioned on the virtual surface of the digital models. A virtual transfer tray will be made of resin in a 3D printer where the metal brackets will be inserted for the actual bonding. Conclusion: The assembly of the simplified lingual device can be performed with excellence by digital means in almost all steps.

Objective: This study aims at identifying anatomical dimensions of dental arches, based on landmarks currently used in the lingual orthodontic technique, and create an archwire form template to be used in orthodontic clinics. Methods: Maxillary and mandibular dental casts of 140 Caucasian individuals with natural and normal occlusion were digitized (3D), and the images were analyzed with Delcam Power ShapeTM 2010 software. The dental arch shapes and sizes were obtained from 14 landmarks selected on the lingual surface of the teeth. Points and segments defined by the software were used to create an archwire form template. Results: Various dental arch patterns were found for both maxilla and mandible. The smallest sizes were found in females, and the largest were found in male subjects. Six categories were defined for each gender, three for the maxilla and three for the mandible (Small, Medium and Large). A template was created with eighteen anatomic lingual archwire designs, nine for the maxilla and nine for the mandible, for both genders. Conclusions: Landmarks evaluated in this study showed dental arch differences between genders. This information enables making orthodontic lingual archwires that are more compatible with the anatomical forms and sizes of the maxilla and mandible. The findings also allowed the creation of a template for an anatomic lingual metallic archwire form to be used in the lingual technique.

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