Undoubtedly the most searched and spoken word of last year is coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which initially originated in Wuhan, China near the end of 2019. COVID‐19 is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Albeit almost all countries shut down their borders to prevent rapid spread of the virus. However, the number of cases continues to increase in developing countries at a faster rate due to community and cluster transmission. The severity of this epidemic made it a pandemic as it progressed to over 200 countries. The World Health Organization (WHO), governments, and national disease control and prevention units worked together to break the chain and are working to contain the catastrophic impact of COVID‐19. They formulated and recommended various guidelines like social distancing, frequent hand washing, and social distancing to inhibit the spread of the virus. WHO also advised that the general population and medical personnel wear face masks, face shields, gloves, and aprons. As a result, this waste category has substantially increased and, if not disposed of properly, may cause the infection or help to catalyze COVID‐19. In developing countries, poor solid waste management may aggravate chances of spreading COVID‐19. Sustainable solid waste management is a critical parameter for the health, wellbeing, and development of society. The measures adopted to contain and restrict the spread of the COVID‐19 pandemic and minimize the degrees of freedom in commercial events affected solid waste management considerably. During this crucial time, the services provided by waste management agencies and personnel are invaluable and these services help to prevent the improper disposal of waste, which may lead to health risks due to the spread of COVID. COVID‐19 is a new and novel virus and experts are learning more about it overtime and with evolving science. This review paper provides insight into different types of solid wastes generated during the pandemic, their consequences, and the implication of various policies.
The cosmos is made up of the five elements Earth, Water, Air, Fire, and Space. All of these resources that support life are now being polluted by anthropogenic activities due to industrial development. The destruction and pollution of the environment, which negatively affects water sources, are greatly exacerbated by human activity, particularly industrialization and agricultural practices. In terms of appropriateness, water's chemical, physical, and biological qualities define its quality. The current study focuses on the evaluation of water quality from various sources of domestic sewage, industrial sewage, and anthropogenic sewage by estimating various quality indicators (also known as physicochemical parameters) such as temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Electrical conductivity (EC), chlorides, sulphates, phosphates, Total hardness (TH), Total soluble solids (TSS), Total solid (TS), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biological oxygen demand (BOD5). The obtained results show that there is a significant negative impact on the water quality caused by the discharge of various effluents. Among all, the most detrimental effect on the deterioration of the water quality parameter was found to be caused by industrial effluents mixing with the water. In light of this, the present study suggested a novel method for characterizing the water quality from various point sources. The authors firmly feel that this work will be helpful to a variety of stakeholders and will unquestionably aid a variety of national and international authorities in formulating decisions and strategies.
Increased threat of metals simultaneous to the biota well-being and the environs is continually causing a major apprehension worldwide. The phytoremediation technique is highly advantageous involving the natural processes of plants viz., translocation, evapotranspiration, and bioaccumulation, thus degrading contaminants slowly. In particular, nanophytoremediation is a rapid green alternative as it reduces the ancillary impacts of the environment such as green gas emissions, waste generation, and natural resource consumption to the present scenario as there is a great potential of nanoparticles from plants which can be synthesized. Nanophytoremediation is a current methodology for remediation of pollutants, contaminants by using synthesized nanoparticles from plants. In this, the use of different strategies enhances the selective uptake capabilities of plants. The metal elements in excess are affecting the physiological processes in plants; thus, it is necessary to apply nanophytoremediation technology through transgenic plants. In this review paper, we focused on plant species, which can be used as metal tolerant, hyperaccumulators. Due to the insurmountable pressure of a sustainable cleaner environment, bioremediation can be concurrent with nanoparticles for efficient and effective sustainable measures.
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