Observations have been made regarding the effects of long-term exercise training on blood pressure, renal sodium handling and renal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAS) intracellular pathways in conscious, trained Okamoto-Aoki spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKy) normotensive rats, compared with appropriate agematched sedentary SHR and WKy. To evaluate the influence of exercise training on renal function and RAS, receptors and intracellular angiotensin II (AngII) pathway compounds were used respectively, and lithium clearance and western blot methods were utilised. The current study demonstrated that increased blood pressure in SHR was blunted and significantly reduced by long-term swim training between the ages of 6 and 16 weeks. Additionally, the investigators observed an increased fractional urinary sodium excretion in trained SHR (SHR T ) rats, compared with sedentary SHR (SHR S ), despite a significantly decreased creatinine clearance (C Cr ). Furthermore, immunoblotting analysis demonstrated a decreased expression of AT1 R in the entire kidney of T SHR rats, compared with S SHR . Conversely, the expression of the AT2 R , in both sedentary and trained SHR, was unchanged. The present study may indicate that, in the kidney, long-term exercise exerts a modulating effect on AngII receptor expression. In fact, the present study indicates an association of increasing natriuresis, reciprocal changes in renal AngII receptors and intracellular pathway proteins with the fall in blood pressure levels observed in T SHR rats compared with age-matched S SHR rats.

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Aos meus cunhados super especiais que sempre me ajudaram tanto e que eu adoro Júlio Cezar "Charminho" Catalani e Janine Tademus Ciampone. Aos meus dois amores, que eu espero dividir minha vida com elas, minhas sobrinhas queridas Lara Catalani Ciampone e Beatriz Tademus Ciampone. Às minhas queridas e maravilhosas madrinhas, Tia Maria de Lourdes Ciampone e tia Raquel Costa Vieira Ciampone. Aos meus padrinhos queridos Moisés Ciampone e Ubiraci da Silva. Às minhas tias que eu amo tanto Terezinha de Jesus Viola e Celinha Regina Viola. Aos meus amados priminhos que estão sempre conosco, Bruna Viola da Silva e Diego Viola Lopes.