Purpose To describe the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV and identify factors associated with the magnitude of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations. Methods Retrospective analysis of electronic patient files in a big single HIV center in Munich, Germany. Non-parametric methods were used for descriptive and comparative statistics. Generalized linear models were used to analyze associations of general and HIV-specific variables with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations after standard vaccination. Result Overall, 665 people living with HIV were included into the analysis (median age: 53 [IQR: 43; 59]), 560 [84.2%] males). Median concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies was 1400 (IQR 664; 2130) BAU/mL. In 18 (2.7%) subjects, antibody concentrations below the threshold of 34 BAU/mL were found. Among PLWH with CD4 cell count < 200 cells/µL, median anti-SARS-CoV-2-Abs were 197 (IQR 44.6; 537.2) as compared to 1420 (IQR 687; 2216) for the group ≥ 200 cells/µL ( p < 0.001). In a cumulative logit model, a vaccination scheme including an mRNA vaccine [OR: 4.64 (3.58; 6.02)], being female [OR: 2.14 (1.76; 2.61)], and having higher CD4 cells [OR per 100 cells/µL: 1.06 (1.04; 1.08)] were significantly associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations in higher quartiles, when adjusted for the time after vaccination. Conclusion We found a robust antibody response in people living with HIV undergoing standard vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. mRNA-containing vaccination schemes, being female, and having a higher CD4 cell count was associated with a higher concentration of antibodies in people living with HIV in our study sample. Particularly in the subgroup with CD4 cell counts < 200 cells/µL, antibody response was poor.

Inhibition of KCa3.1 with TRAM-34 downregulates fibrosis-associated gene expression in vitro, and reduces portal perfusion pressure in vivo. Thus, KCa3.1 may represent novel targets for the treatment of liver fibrosis.

De-escalating to DTG monotherapy in selected patients might be a safe and feasible option. However, in one case evolution of INSTI resistance was observed. Further studies should assess particular risk factors for DTG monotherapy failure. In the meanwhile, caution is warranted.

The dose of 20 000 IU of cholecalciferol once weekly was found to be safe and effective. Normalization of vitamin D levels within 1 year was observed in 42% to 75% of the patients.