Background There are limited studies on the prevalence of misdiagnosis as well as detection rates of severe psychiatric disorders in specialized and non-specialized healthcare settings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the prevalence of misdiagnosis and detection rates of severe psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar, and depressive disorders in a specialized psychiatric setting. Method In this cross-sectional study, a random sample of 309 patients with severe psychiatric disorders was selected by systematic sampling technique. Severe psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). The potential determinates of misdiagnosis were explored using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for the potential confounding factors. Result This study revealed that more than a third of patients with severe psychiatric disorders were misdiagnosed (39.16%). The commonly misdiagnosed disorder was found to be a schizoaffective disorder (75%) followed by major depressive disorder (54.72%), schizophrenia (23.71%), and bipolar disorder (17.78%). Among the patients detected with the interview by SCID criteria, the highest level of the correct diagnosis was recorded in the medical record for schizophrenia (76.29%) followed by bipolar (72.22%), depressive (42.40%), and schizoaffective (25%) disorders with detection rate (sensitivity) of 0.76 (95% CI 0.69–0.84), 0.42 (95% CI 0.32–0.53), 0.72 (95% CI 0.60–0.84), and 0.25 (95% CI 0.09–0.41), respectively for schizophrenia, depressive, bipolar, and schizoaffective disorders. Patients with bipolar disorder were more likely to be misdiagnosed as having schizophrenia (60%), whereas schizophrenic patients were more likely to be misdiagnosed as having bipolar disorder (56.25%) and patients with depressive disorders were more likely to be misdiagnosed as having schizophrenia (54.72%). Having a diagnosis of schizoaffective and depressive disorders, as well as suicidal ideation, was found to be significant predictors of misdiagnosis. Conclusion This study showed that roughly four out of ten patients with severe psychiatric disorders had been misdiagnosed in a specialized psychiatric setting in Ethiopia. The highest rate of misdiagnosis was observed for schizoaffective disorder (3 out of 4), followed by major depressive disorder (1 out of 2), schizophrenia (1 out of 4), and bipolar disorders (1 in 5). The detection rates were highest for schizophrenia, followed by bipolar, depressive, and schizoaffective disorders. Having a diagnosis of schizoaffective and depressive disorders as well as suicidal ideation was found to be significant predictors of misdiagnosis.

Background Depression is particularly common among adolescents with HIV/AIDS and has been associated with disruption of the important developmental process, subsequently leading to a wide range of negative mental, physical and psychosocial consequences, as well as poor quality of life in those population groups. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there are no prior systematic reviews and meta-analytic studies that determined the prevalence of depression among adolescents with HIV/AIDS. Method We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for relevant literature until May 2020. A random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool prevalence rates from individual studies. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneities and to compare the prevalence estimates across the groups. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s quality assessment checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Cochran’s Q and the I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies. Results A total of ten studies were included for the final analysis, with 2642 adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. Our final meta-analysis showed that more than a quarter of adolescents with HIV had depression [26.07% (95% CI 18.92–34.78)]. The prevalence was highest amongst female adolescents (32.15%) than males (25.07%) as well as amongst the older adolescents aged 15–19 years (37.09%) than younger adolescents aged 10–14 years (29.82%). Conclusion Our study shows that a significant proportion of adolescents with HIV had depression, indicating the imperativeness of intervention strategies to alleviate the suffering and possibly reduce the probable negative ramifications.

Background: The global strategy for infant and young child feeding describes essential actions to protect, promote and support appropriate infant and young child feeding. Finding in the area of infant and young child feeding practice is low in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to describe infant and young child feeding practices at Asella Town.

Background There are limited studies regarding the magnitude of misdiagnosis as well as underdiagnosis in a specialized psychiatric setting. Thus far, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that determined the epidemiology of misdiagnosis as well as detection rates of severe psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar, and depressive disorders in a specialized psychiatric setting. Method In this cross-sectional study, a random sample of 309 patients with severe psychiatric disorders were selected by systematic sampling technique. Severe psychiatric disorders were measured by structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID). The potential determinates of misdiagnosis were explored using binary and multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for the potential confounding factors. Result The current study demonstrated that a remarkable proportion (39.16%) of people with severe psychiatric disorders were misdiagnosed. The commonly misdiagnosed disorder was found to be schizoaffective disorders (75%) followed by major depressive disorder (54.72%), schizophrenia (23.71%), and bipolar disorder (17.78%). Among the patients detected with the interview by SCID criteria, the highest level of the correct diagnosis was recorded in the medical record for schizophrenia (76.29%) followed by bipolar (72.22%), depressive (42.40%), and schizoaffective (25%) disorders with detection rate (sensitivity) of 0.76 (95%CI 0.69-0.84), 0.42 (95%CI 0.32-0.53), 0.72 (95%CI 0.60-0.84), and 0.25 (95%CI 0.09-0.41), respectively for schizophrenia, depressive, bipolar, and schizoaffective disorders. This study revealed that bipolar disorder patients are more likely to be diagnosed as schizophrenia (60%) whereas schizophrenia was most likely diagnosed as bipolar disorder (56.25%) and depressive disorders as schizophrenia (54.72%). Having a diagnosis of schizoaffective and depressive disorders as well as suicidal ideation were found to be significant predictors of misdiagnosis. Conclusion The current study revealed that four out of ten patients with severe psychiatric disorders are misdiagnosed in a specialized psychiatric setting in Ethiopia. The highest rate of misdiagnosis was observed for schizoaffective disorder (3 out of 4), followed by major depressive disorder (1 out of 2), schizophrenia (1 out of 4), and bipolar disorders (1 in 5). The detection rates were highest for schizophrenia, followed by bipolar, depressive, and schizoaffective disorders. Having a diagnosis of schizoaffective and depressive disorders as well as suicidal ideation were found to be significant predictors of misdiagnosis.

Background The Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP)-Frontline is a three-month in-service training aimed at improving surveillance officers’ capacity to collect, analyze, and interpret surveillance data, and respond to health emergencies. We evaluated the effectiveness of the FETP-Frontline which was introduced in Ethiopia in 2016. Methods We conducted a comparative, randomized cross-sectional study to assess surveillance-related knowledge, skills, and performance among trained and untrained officers using a structured questionnaire and observation checklist. We compared the knowledge, skills, and performance scores of trained and untrained officers using the Fisher’s Exact test, chi-square test, and t-test at p-value < 0.05 for statistical significance. Results We conducted the study among 74 trained and 76 untrained surveillance officers. About three-quarters of all participants were male, and the average age was 34 (± 8.6) years. Completeness and timeliness of surveillance reports were significantly higher among trained than untrained surveillance officers. The trained officers were more likely to have produced epidemiologic bulletins (55% vs 33%), conducted active surveillance six months before the survey (88% vs 72%), provided surveillance training (88% vs 65%), conducted strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis (55% vs 17%), and utilized Microsoft Excel to manage surveillance data (87% vs 47%). We also observed improved surveillance officers’ perceived skills and knowledge, and the availability and quality of surveillance formats and reports among the trained group. Conclusions FETP-Frontline trained surveillance officers demonstrated better knowledge, skills, and performance in most surveillance activities compared to the untrained officers. FETP-Frontline can address competency gaps among district surveillance officers in Ethiopia and other countries. Scaling up the program to cover unreached districts can enable achieving the human resource development core capacity requirement of the International Health Regulations 2005.