Sorghum breeding program had been conducted at the Center for the Application of Isotopes and Radiation Technology, BATAN. Plant genetic variability was increased through induced mutations using gamma-ray irradiation. Through selection process in successive generations, some promising mutant lines had been identified to have good agronomic characteristics with high grain yield. These breeding lines were tested in multi location trials and information of the genotypic stability was obtained to meet the requirements for officially varietal release by the Ministry of Agriculture. A total of 11 sorghum lines and varieties consisting of 8 mutant lines derived from induced mutations and 3 control varieties (Durra, UPCA-S1 and Mandau) were included in the experiment. All materials were grown in 10 agroecologically different locations namely Gunungkidul, Bantul, Citayam, Garut, Lampung, Bogor, Anyer, Karawaci, Cianjur and Subang. In each location, the local adaptability test was conducted by randomized block design with 3 replications. Data of grain yield was used for evaluating genotypic stability using AMMI approach. Results revealed that sorghum mutation breeding had generated 3 mutant lines (B-100, B-76 and Zh-30) exhibiting grain yield significantly higher than the control varieties. These mutant lines were genetically stable in all locations so that they would be recommended for official release as new sorghum varieties to the Ministry of Agriculture.
ABSTRAK Evaluasi In Vitro Silase Sinambung Sorgum Varietas Samurai 2 yangMengandung Probiotik BIOS K2 dalam Cairan Rumen Kerbau. Kebutuhan pakan hijauan ternak ruminansia dapat ditingkatkan kualitasnya dengan pembuatan silase. Salah satu teknik silase yang dikembangkan adalah silase sinambung, yaitu suatu teknologi modifikasi pembuatan silase dengan waktu fermentasi yang lebih singkat akibat pemberian bibit silase pada saat awal pembuatannya. Peningkatan kualitas silase dapat dilakukan dengan menambah suplemen berupa probiotik seperti BIOS K2. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pakan silase sinambung hijauan sorghum varietas Samurai 2 yang mengandung probiotik BIOS K2. Evaluasi pakan dilakukan dengan metode in vitro Hohenheim gas test menggunakan inokulum cairan rumen dari kerbau berfistula yang diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 39 0 C. Perlakuan terdiri dari pakan A (silase sorgum 21 hari), B (silase sinambung sorghum 3 hari), dan C (silase sinambung sorgum 7 hari). Parameter yang diuji adalah konsentrasi amonia, volatile fatty acids (VFA), sintesis protein mikroba (bakteri dan protozoa), degradasi bahan organik (%DBO), konsentrasi gas karbondioksida (CO 2 ) dan metana (CH 4 ). Data hasil perlakuan dianalisis dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang signifikan perlakuan pakan terhadap konsentrasi amonia, konsentrasi VFA, sintesis protein mikroba dan %DBO, sedangkan untuk konsentrasi gas CO 2 dan CH 4 tidak ada pengaruh. Perlakuan pakan C menghasilkan konsentrasi amonia, VFA dan sintesis protein bakteri berturut-turut sebesar 0,44 mg/ml; 0,89 mg/ml; dan 5,18 mg/ml/jam, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan A dan B. %DBO tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan A sebesar 47,30%, sedangkan B dan C sebesar 25,18 dan 37,15%. Sintesis protein mikroba protozoa tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan A dan B sebesar 2,62 mg/ml/jam, sedangkan perlakuan C sebesar 2,55 mg/ml/jam. Disimpulkan dari percobaan ini bahwa pakan silase sinambung sorgum varitetas Samurai 2 dengan lama inkubasi selama 7 hari (C) memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan silase sorgum yang diinkubasi 21 hari (A).Kata Kunci : Silase, silase sinambung, sorgum varietas Samurai 2, in vitro, probiotik BIOS K2 ABSTRACT In Vitro Evaluation of Continuous Silage of Sorghum Varieties Samurai 2Containing Probiotic of BIOS K2 in Rumen Fluid of Buffalo. Ruminant forage needs could be enhanced by making silage. One of develop techniques was a continuous silage that is a modification technology of making silage by reducing the fermentation time through the addition of seeds inoculum at the beginning of the forages production. The quality of silage
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of several Sorghum bicolor cultivars as forage on a dry land with pH of 5.4, N of 0.08%; C/N of 9%, P of 0.06% and K of 0.01%. Nine cultivars of S. bicolor (Super 1, Super 2, Numbu, Kawali, G2, G5, PAC 537, PAC 593 and PAC 501) were evaluated. Plot size was 16 m2 with space planting of 15 x 75 cm. The experimental design used was randomized block design with three replications. Parameters observed were plant height, time of flowering, forage production and quality. The result showed that the primary plant growth was not different in all cultivars. In the 65 days old primary plant, the Super 2, PAC 537 and Kawali had no flower yet. Biomass production varied in primary plant between cultivars of 11.35 - 26.17 kg/16 m2. The highest biomass production was obtained in PAC 537 of 26.17 kg/16 m2 (16.34 t/ha) which were significantly higher than G2 of 11.35 kg/16 m2 (7.09 ton/ha) and was not significantly different with other cultivars. In the 45 days ratoon I, Super 2, G5 and Super 1 showed faster growth. Biomass production increased in the ratoon I around 19.88 kg/16 m2 (12.42 ton/ha). PAC 537 produced the highest biomass of 30.14 kg/16 m2 (18.84 ton/ha) and was not significantly different with other cultivars, except with the G2. Biomass production of ratoon II decreased around 1.83 kg/16 m2 (1.14 t/ha)–4.77 kg/16 m2 (2.98 t/ha) and increased in the ratoon III of 15.72 kg/16 m2 (9.82 t/ha)–26.05 kg/16 m2 (16.28 t/ha). The quality of forage ratoon I was better compared to the primary plant with the lowest one was in ratoon II. It could be concluded that Super 1, Super 2 and PAC 537 cultivars might be recommended as potential forage.
APPLICATION OF MUTATION TECHNIQUES IN SORGHUM BREEDING FOR IMPROVED DROUGHT TOLERANCE. Sorghum is not native to Indonesia and has not yet as popular as other cereal crops. This crop has a big potential to be grown and cultivated owing to its wide adaptability and high productivity. Genetic variability of this crop is still low, thus, plant breeding program is required to support sorghum development in the country. The objective is to develop superior genotypes to improve sorghum production and quality, as food, animal feed or for industry. Research on sorghum improvement through induced mutations has been conducted at the Center for the Application of Isotope and Radiation Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN). Durra variety was used as parental material in the breeding program. Induced mutation was made by Gamma irradiation on seed treatments. The optimal radiation dose was to be around 300-500 Gy. Through selection processes and direct screening for drought tolerance, a number of ten putative mutant lines were obtained. In dry season, the mutant lines B-68, B-72, B-95 and B-100 produced grain yield of 4.55, 4.50, 4.20 and 4.62 t/ha, respectively. These yields were significantly higher than the original parent Durra (3.50 t/ha) and the control check varieties UPCA (2.68 t/ha) and Higari (3.75 t/ha). These promising mutant lines might be of useful for further sorghum research and development in Indonesia.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.