Introduction the pediatric emergency department is the first contact between the population and the hospital. Consequently, its dysfunction influences the quality of the general health care system. However, any successful policy must first be based on convincing results hence the need to better explore this service, diagnose the various dysfunctions, and survey disease trends to identify the needs of the local population. In this perspective, we propose to describe the epidemiological profile of children hospitalized at the emergency service of the Mother-Child hospital, University Hospital Centre Marrakech, and establish the prevalence table for childhood pathologies. Methods a retrospective study was carried out in pediatric emergency services for 1658 hospitalized patients between March 2015 and December 2018. The collected data concerns mainly the socio-demographic, clinical profile, evolution status, mode of admission, and medical history. Results the characterization of the studied population by sex and age showed a predominance of male with a sex ratio of 1.36, infants with 625 patients. Concerning the final diagnosis, the most frequent pathologies affected the respiratory system in 28% of cases, then the digestive system (11.3%), while infectious pathologies represented 10.7% of admissions. The death rate in the emergency department was 7.4%. Multivariate analysis of the data showed a statistically significant relationship between the final diagnosis (16 diseases by a system according to The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)) and age, season, and weight. Thus, for the association between the digestive system diseases and weight (aOR=1.052, 95% CI= 1.019-1.086, p=0.02). While for the skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases and the autumn season (aOR=11.37, 95% CI= 1.272-101.777, p=0.03) and age has a negative significance for most diseases. Conclusion the epidemiological profile study will allow knowledge of patient´s pathologies typology for a well-supported and better definition of needs.

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