The objective of the present work is to evaluate the performance of a low-cost tractor equipped with a parallel hybrid engine, which was simulated using AMESim software. The tractor was evaluated with three different farming implements attached to the tractor, and each implement requires a different type of power. The first simulation was executed without any implements attached. The tractor was able to run for 170 s with the electric motor only, which resulted in fuel savings during this period. The first implement, a moldboard plow, was attached for the second round of evaluation, and the electric motor ran by itself for 150 s, which also led to fuel savings during operation. During the third simulation, the tractor was attached to a Bette Harvest, which has a very high-power demand. The obtained results show that both engines were engaged to provide the required energy. During the final round of evaluation, simulations were run for a straw tub grinder. In this simulation, the electric motor ran alone until the battery was fully discharged. Thereafter, the combustion engine was activated in order to facilitate operations and to charge the battery. The results show that the parallel hybrid architecture employed for the low-cost tractor significantly decreased the CO2 emissions and minimized the consumption of fuel.
Since the Tactile Internet has been considered as a new era of Internet, delivering real-time interactive systems as well as ultra-reliable and ultra-responsive network connectivity, tremendous efforts have been made to ensure authentication between communication's parties to secure remote surgery. Since this human to machine interaction like remote surgery is critical and the communication between the surgeon and the tactile actor i.e. robot arms should be fully protected during the surgical procedure, a fully secure mutual user authentication scheme should be used in order to establish a secure session among the communicating parties. The existing methods usually require a server to ensure the authentication among the communicating parties, which makes the system vulnerable to single of point failure and not fit the design of such critical distributed environment i.e. tactile internet. To address these issues, we propose a new decentralized blockchain based authentication solution for tactile internet. In our proposed solution, there is no need for a trusted party; moreover, the decentralized nature of our proposed solution makes the authentication immutable, efficient, secure, and low latency requirement. The implementation of our proposed solution is deployed on Ethereum official test network Ropsten. The experimental results show that our solution is efficient, highly secured, and flexible.
La sécurité est un des sérieux problèmes qui menace le développement de l'internet des objets. Cependant, cette mission devient plus complexe dans les environnements IoT vu qu'ils ont des exigences intrinsèques supplémentaires telles que l'hétérogénéité, les capacités limitées de stockage et de calcul ainsi que le grand nombre de dispositifs. Pour remédier à ce problème, cet article propose un processus inspiré du concept de l'émergence visant à tirer profit de ce grand nombre d'objets intelligents et à en extraire les caractéristiques significatives que nous ne pouvons pas capter dans les systèmes avec un petit nombre. Le papier propose ensuite un framework de contrôle d'accès dédié aux environnements IoT basé sur trois notions de base : Réseaux de Blockchain, systèmes de réputation et algorithmes d'apprentissage par renforcement. ABSTRACT. Securing the IoT world in not a luxury task; it is even a matter of urgency given this exponential growth of IoT market. In fact, one can easily imagine the catastrophic damages of an attack in the field of e-Health or in the smart cities and critical infrastructures management. That being said, serious problems derived from these constrained environments block the proposal of pertinent solutions. This paper is a contribution step in this direction. To address these problems, we expose a global framework inspired from the concept of emergence in order to take advantage of this large number of devices and extract the "emergent" characteristics that are nonexistent in smaller systems. The framework is built on top of two pillars: Blockchain as architecture and Reinforcement Learning as processing toolkit.
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