Layered scenario mapping materials, user manuals, regulations and procedures, incident reports relevant to the scenario, and online materials shared by users.
D)Plan how data collection should be carried out and decide on methods and techniques to be used. Observational studies, interviews with users and subject matter experts, and other techniques involving users are valuable approaches. The guide Designdriven field research at sea 1 may prove valuable if you plan to do field studies.The template on the next page can be used as the basis of an observation form. Communication analysis tools such as Comms Usage Diagrams 2 can be used to identify who communicates with whom in the scenario and by which means, link analysis 3 can be used to identify how actors physically move, and Applied cognitive task analysis (ACTA) 4 can prove valuable in determining expertise needed and identifying critical points.Consider what kinds of video/audio recordings to make and what images to take and the equipment needed to do so. Making a list can be useful. E) Make practical arrangements. Agree with companies and users on field trips, interviews, etc. Note: This can be time consuming. Start early and set aside sufficient time for this activity.
Data collectionCollect data as planned. Note: You may need to carry out data collection activities several times as deficiencies are identified and new needs emerge during designing of the scenario.
Designers are often facing complex design situations which may be challenging to grasp. In this paper I aim at making visible what designers need to make sense of through a systemic model of the design situation presenting the design situation as a system of three interconnected systems: the systems we design; the systems we design for; and the systems we design within. Using the theories of Dewey, Schön and Vickers, I discuss sensemaking and judgment-making in the context of design, and through the model I highlight how we may change the design situation we continuously strive to make sense of through our designs. The model was developed within the design research project Ulstein Bridge Concept, which addressed the design of a ship's bridge. However, it is of a generic nature and is applicable to any design project taking place in a complex context.
In this paper we discuss the use of field research in multidisciplinary design processes when designing the ship's bridge of offshore service vessels. From carrying out ten field studies at sea over a three year period we have gained considerable insight into the role which field research may play in design projects for the offshore ship industry. We have found that allowing the designers to experience the onboard environment first hand is vital when designing for such a complex domain. Building on the experience we have gained, we have developed a model for design-driven field research relevant for these kinds of design projects. Our model encourages designers to engage in design reflection while in the field. This we believe is particularly important when designing for use situations unfamiliar to most designers, like a ship's bridge.1.
Designers taking on marine design projects need an in-depth understanding of the context for which they design to be able to make good design judgements. This paper suggests that such an understanding can be referred to as 'designers' sea sense', and argues that field research is paramount for designers to develop such a sense. Building on experiences with field research at the Ocean Industries Concept Lab at the Oslo School of Architecture and Design, a guide for designdriven field research has been developed. This guide can help designers prepare for and make the most of field studies at sea. In this paper, we introduce the guide and discuss the rationale behind it.
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