This paper analyzes irrigation-poverty linkages, and determines how and to what extent irrigation contributes to poverty alleviation, and whether there are any spatial patterns in poverty in irrigation systems. It also identifies conditions under which irrigation has greater anti-poverty impacts. The analysis is based on primary data collected during the 2000-2001 agricultural year, from four selected irrigation systems and rainfed areas in Java. The results indicate that irrigation has significant poverty reducing impacts. Poverty varies across irrigation systems and across locations within the systems. In general, crop productivity is relatively higher and poverty is lower in middle parts of the systems compared to head and tail parts. Further, locational differences in poverty are more pronounced in larger systems where locational inequities in water distribution and productivity differences are also high. Crop productivity, the size of landholdings and location of households are important determinants of poverty, in addition to demographic factors such as family size. The smaller the systems with well managed infrastructure, relatively equitable water distribution and diversified cropping patterns supported with market infrastructure, the greater the poverty reducing impacts of irrigation. Overall, the study findings suggest that improving the performance of irrigation systems by enhancing land and water productivity, diversifying cropping patterns and improving water distribution across locations would help reduce poverty in presently low productivity-high poverty parts of the systems.

Indonesian region is strongly influenced by the monsoon climatic conditions have obvious difference between wetseason and dry season. Climate variability and extreme climate phenomenon that often happens lately caused climatechange. Climate change is characterized by changes in rainfall patterns and its causes shifting early in the season thatmake it difficult to plan cultivation. It is therefore necessary to study the behavior of the climate through rainfall timeseries analysis. Statistical tests performed using the F test and t test. This study aims to identify climate change throughpattern trends, distribution and similarity of rainfall data at different timescales, using rainfall data rainy season (Octoberto March) and the dry season (April to September) year period from 1975 to 2012. Data obtained from 6 (six) graduatedrainfall stations around the study site those are Kalijati, Curugagung, Cinangling, Dangdeur, Subang and Pegaden. Dataare grouped in 10-year period with a 4-year timing differences in accordance with the rules of the moving average. Theperiod 1975 -1984 was indicated as an initial period as a basis to look for changes in rainfall patterns that occur. F testshows there has been a change in the distribution of rainfall in every period than normal period. T test showed there hasbeen a change in the pattern of rainfall in the dry season period from 1987 to 1996. While the rainy season is startingto look at the period from 1995 to 2004. Rainy season and the dry season period (1995-2004) shows a similar patternwith the normal period (1975 -1984) so that it is possible in a certain period of climate change on the location of thecycle is approaching normal conditions.Keywords: Time seriesanalysis,precipitation, climatechange, Subangdistrict ABSTRAKWilayah Indonesia sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi iklim monsun yang mempunyai perbedaan yang jelas antaramusim basah dan musim kering.Variabilitas iklim dan adanya fenomena iklim ekstrim yang sering terjadi akhir akhirini menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan iklim. Perubahan iklim ditandai adanya perubahan pola curah hujan yangmenyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran awal musim tanam sehingga sulit membuat perencanaan budidaya tanaman. Olehkarena itu perlu dilakukan kajian prilaku iklim melalui analisis deret waktu curah hujan.Uji statistik dilakukan denganmenggunakan uji F dan uji t. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi terjadinya perubahan iklim melalui polakecenderungan, distribusi dan kesamaan data curah hujan pada rentang waktu yang berbeda, menggunakan data curahhujan musim hujan (Oktober – Maret) dan musim kemarau (April – September) periode tahun 1975 – 2012. Datadiperoleh dari 6 stasiun penakar curah hujan di sekitar lokasi penelitian yaitu stasiun Kalijati, Curug agung, Cinangling,Dangdeur, Subang dan Pegaden. Data dikelompokkan dalam periode 10 tahunan dengan beda waktu 4 tahun sesuaidengan aturanmovingaverage. Periode tahun 1975 -1984 menjadi periode awal sebagai dasar untuk melihat perubahanpola curah hujan yang terjadi. Uji F menunjukkan telah terjadi perubahan distribusi curah hujan disetiap periodedibanding periode normalnya. Uji t menunjukkan telah terjadi perubahan pola curah hujan musim kemarau sejakperiode tahun 1987 – 1996. Sedangkan musim hujan mulai terlihat pada periode tahun 1995 – 2004. Musim hujandan musim kemarau periode (1995-2004) menunjukkan pola yang sama dengan periode normal (1975-1984) sehinggadimungkinkan pada periode tertentu siklus perubahan iklim pada lokasi ini mendekati kondisi normal.Kata kunci: Analisis deret waktu, curah hujan, perubahan iklim, kabupaten Subang

Surface irrigation networks in Indonesia are damaged by several factors, and sedimentation is among the most severe challenges. Sand traps play a substantial role in improving irrigation system efficiency by reducing sedimentation. There are two periods in sand trap operation: the operational and maintenance periods. Pengasih is one of the irrigation schemes implemented in the Progo Opak Serang (POS) River Basin, which has a high level of erosion. This study aimed to propose an appropriate management strategy for the Pengasih sand trap as the first barrier in irrigation network sedimentation based on mathematical modeling. The HEC-RAS simulation software was used to simulate the sand trap hydraulic behaviour. The results show that the validated Manning’s coefficient was 0.025. The optimal transport parameters were Laursen for the potential function, Exner 5 for the sorting method, and Rubey for the fall velocity method. The recommended flushing timeframe is 315 min, with a discharge of 2 m3/s. We suggest that the sand trap flushing frequency be performed twice a year, and it can be performed at the end of March and October. This coincides with the end of the first and third planting seasons of the irrigation scheme.

Preparation for the modernization of the Kedung Putri Irrigation System (DI Kedung Putri) required a comprehensive assessment of the irrigation pillars, one of which was at the secondary level. To facilitate the assessment and development plan, a clustering was carried out using the k-medoids method, that used a representative data (called medoid) as the cluster center. Then, the decision making was conducted by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Performance assessment of 21 secondary channels was stated as the readiness index of irrigation modernization (IKMI). The assessment result showed that 9,52% included in good criteria, 71,43% included in fair criteria, and 19,05% included in poor criteria. Based on these results that DI Kedung Putri was not ready yet to be modernized. For this reason, it was necessary to conduct the system improvement in groups, namely by grouping based on similarities (clustering). The used method was k-medoids clustering using Rapid Miner 9.0 software. The clustering result showed that the optimal cluster number were 4 clusters, with the Davies Bouldin Index (DBI) value -1,959. The members of the 0, 1, 2 and 3 cluster were 6, 6, 8 and 1 secondary channels, respectively. Furthermore, the priority scale in clusters development was needed based on the performance of irrigation pillars on secondary channels. The results of AHP analysis showed that the order of priority development starts from cluster 0, followed by cluster 2, 1, and 3. The recommendations for the development of secondary channels incorporated in cluster, such as increasing water supply, routine infrastructure maintenance, technical assistance, and public campaigns in irrigation management. The secondary channel incorporated in cluster 3 had good performance on all pillars, so it only needed to maintain the existing operation and maintenance patterns.

Despite decades of promotion, efforts to encourage participatory irrigation management often falter. Nowhere is this more true that on the island of Java, Indonesia where multiple programmes and millions of dollars have resulted in few effective water user associations. Even so, pockets of participatory success exist. We present findings from one locally developed water user association training programme found in Yogyakarta, Indonesia that has experienced relative success in encouraging farmer participation. We then derive policy lessons from this case.