Aims. We define a small and large chemical network which can be used for the quantitative simultaneous analysis of molecular emission from the near-IR to the submm. We revise reactions of excited molecular hydrogen, which are not included in UMIST, to provide a homogeneous database for future applications. Methods. We use the thermo-chemical disk modeling code ProDiMo and a standard T Tauri disk model to evaluate the impact of various chemical networks, reaction rate databases and sets of adsorption energies on a large sample of chemical species and emerging line fluxes from the near-IR to the submm wavelength range. Results. We find large differences in the masses and radial distribution of ice reservoirs when considering freeze-out on bare or polar ice coated grains. Most strongly the ammonia ice mass and the location of the snow line (water) change. As a consequence molecules associated to the ice lines such as N 2 H + change their emitting region; none of the line fluxes in the sample considered here changes by more than 25% except CO isotopologues, CN and N 2 H + lines. The three-body reaction N+H 2 +M plays a key role in the formation of water in the outer disk. Besides that, differences between the UMIST 2006 and 2012 database change line fluxes in the sample considered here by less than a factor 2 (a subset of low excitation CO and fine structure lines stays even within 25%); exceptions are OH, CN, HCN, HCO + and N 2 H + lines. However, different networks such as OSU and KIDA 2011 lead to pronounced differences in the chemistry inside 100 au and thus affect emission lines from high excitation CO, OH and CN lines. H 2 is easily excited at the disk surface and state-to-state reactions enhance the abundance of CH + and to a lesser extent HCO + . For sub-mm lines of HCN, N 2 H + and HCO + , a more complex larger network is recommended. Conclusions. More work is required to consolidate data on key reactions leading to the formation of water, molecular ions such as HCO + and N 2 H + as well as the nitrogen chemistry. This affects many of the key lines used in the interpretation of disk observations. Differential analysis of various disk models using the same chemical input data will be more robust than the interpretation of absolute fluxes.

ObjectiveTo assess the therapeutic validity and effectiveness of physiotherapeutic exercise interventions following total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteoarthritis.Data sourcesThe databases Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and AMED were searched from inception up to February 2017.Eligibility criteriaArticles reporting results of randomized controlled trials in which physiotherapeutic exercise was compared with usual care or with a different type of physiotherapeutic exercise were included, with the applied interventions starting within six months after THA. Only articles written in English, German or Dutch were included.Study appraisalTherapeutic validity (using the CONTENT scale) and risk of bias (using both the PEDro scale and the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool) were assessed by two researchers independently. Characteristics of the physiotherapeutic exercise interventions and results about joint and muscle function, functional performance and self-reported outcomes were extracted.ResultsOf the 1124 unique records retrieved, twenty articles were included. Only one article was considered to be of high therapeutic validity. Description and adequacy of patient selection were the least reported items. The majority of the articles was considered as having potentially high risk of bias, according to both assessment tools. The level of therapeutic validity did not correspond with the risk of bias scores. Because of the wide variety in characteristics of the physiotherapeutic exercise and control interventions, follow-up length and outcome measures, limited evidence was found on the effectiveness of physiotherapeutic exercise following THA.ConclusionThe insufficient therapeutic validity and potentially high risk of bias in studies involving physiotherapeutic exercise interventions limit the ability to assess the effectiveness of these interventions following THA. Researchers are advised to take both quality scores into account when developing and reporting studies involving physiotherapeutic exercise. Uniformity in intervention characteristics and outcome measures is necessary to enhance the comparability of clinical outcomes between trials.

Aims. We aim to investigate the ionisation conditions and distances of Galactic high-velocity clouds (HVCs) in the Galactic halo and beyond in the direction of the Local Group (LG) barycentre and anti-barycentre, by studying spectral data of 29 extragalactic background sources obtained with Cosmic Origins Spectropgraph (COS) installed on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Methods. We model column-densities of low, intermediate, and high ions, such as Si ii, C ii, Si ii, Si iv, and C iv and use this to construct a set of Cloudy ionisation models. Results. In total, we found 69 high-velocity absorption components along the 29 lines of sight. The ones in the direction of the LG barycentre span the entire range of studied velocities, 100 |v LS R | 400 km s −1 , while the anti-barycentre sample has velocities up to about 300 km s −1 . For 49 components, we infer the gas densities. In the direction of the LG barycentre, the gas densities exhibit a large range between log n H = −3.96 to −2.55, while in the anti-barycentre direction the densities are systematically higher, log n H > −3.25. The barycentre absorbers can be split into two groups based on their density: a high density group with log n H > −3.54, which can be affected by the Milky Way radiation field, and a low density group (log n H ≤ −3.54). The latter has very low thermal pressures of P/k < 7.3 K cm −3 . Conclusions. Our study shows that part of the absorbers in the LG barycentre direction trace gas at very low gas densities and thermal pressures. Such properties indicate that these absorbers are located beyond the virial radius of the Milky Way. Our study also confirms results from earlier, single-sightline studies, suggesting the presence of a metal-enriched intragroup medium filling the LG near its barycentre.

ObjectiveTo provide an overview of barriers and facilitators that healthcare professionals (HCPs) perceive regarding the implementation of lifestyle interventions (LIs) in patients with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis (OA).DesignScoping review.Data sourcesThe databases PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception up to January 2021.Eligibility criteriaPrimary research articles with a quantitative, qualitative or mixed-methods design were eligible for inclusion if they reported: (1) perceptions of primary and/or secondary HCPs (population); (2) on implementing LIs with physical activity and/or weight management as key components (concept) and (3) on conservative management of hip and/or knee OA (context). Articles not published in English, German or Dutch were excluded.Data extraction and synthesisBarriers and facilitators were extracted by two researchers independently. Subsequently, the extracted factors were linked to a framework based on the Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases checklist.ResultsThirty-six articles were included. In total, 809 factors were extracted and subdivided into nine domains. The extracted barriers were mostly related to non-optimal interdisciplinary collaboration, patients’ negative attitude towards LIs, patients’ low health literacy and HCPs’ lack of knowledge and skills around LIs or promoting behavioural change. The extracted facilitators were mostly related to good interdisciplinary collaboration, a positive perception of HCPs’ own role in implementing LIs, the content or structure of LIs and HCPs’ positive attitude towards LIs.ConclusionsMultiple individual and environmental factors influence the implementation of LIs by HCPs in patients with hip and/or knee OA. The resulting overview of barriers and facilitators can guide future research on the implementation of LIs within OA care. To investigate whether factor frequency is related to the relevance of each domain, further research should assess the relative importance of the identified factors involving all relevant disciplines of primary and secondary HCPs.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019129348.

Purpose: To compare the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) in individuals with finger or partial hand amputations (FPHAs) with a control group and to explore the effect and predictors of MSCs in individuals with FPHAs. Method: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted. The primary outcome measures were: prevalence of MSCs, health status, pain-related disability, physical work demands, work productivity, and hand function. Results: The response rate was 61%. A comparable proportion of individuals with FPHAs (n ¼ 99) and controls (n ¼ 102) reported MSCs in the preceding 4 weeks (33% vs. 28%, respectively) or in the preceding year (37% vs. 33%, respectively). Individuals with FPHAs with MSCs experienced more pain than controls with MSCs. Regular occurrence of stump sensations and self-reported limited range of motion (ROM) of the wrist of the affected limb were predictors for MSCs in individuals with FPHAs. Conclusions: The prevalence of MSCs was comparable in individuals with FPHAs and controls. However, clinicians should pay special attention to the risk of developing MSCs in patients with stump sensations and limited ROM of the wrist of the affected limb. Future research should focus on the role of wrist movements and compensatory movements in the development of MSCs in individuals with FPHAs. ä IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) in individuals with finger or partial hand amputations (FPHAs) and control subjects was similar. Regular occurrence of stump sensations and limited range of motion of the wrist of the affected limb were predictors of developing MSCs in individuals with FPHAs. Clinicians should pay special attention to individuals with FPHAs with the presence of these predictors of developing MSCs. For a better understanding of the development of and treatment options for MSCs, future research focusing on the role of wrist function in the development of MSCs in individuals with FPHAs is necessary. ARTICLE HISTORY

Context. The intergalactic medium (IGM) is believed to contain the majority of baryons in the universe and to trace the same dark matter structure as galaxies, forming filaments and sheets. Lyα absorbers, which sample the neutral component of the IGM, have been extensively studied at low and high redshift, but the exact relation between Lyα absorption, galaxies, and the large-scale structure is observationally not well constrained. Aims. In this study, we aim at characterising the relation between Lyα absorbers and nearby over-dense cosmological structures (galaxy filaments) at recession velocities Δv ≤ 6700 km s−1 by using archival observational data from various instruments. Methods. We analyse 587 intervening Lyα absorbers in the spectra of 302 extragalactic background sources obtained with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) installed on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We combine the absorption line information with galaxy data of five local galaxy filaments from the V8k catalogue. Results. Along the 91 sightlines that pass close to a filament, we identify 215 (227) Lyα absorption systems (components). Among these, 74 Lyα systems are aligned in position and velocity with the galaxy filaments, indicating that these absorbers and the galaxies trace the same large-scale structure. The filament-aligned Lyα absorbers have a ∼90% higher rate of incidence (d𝒩/dz = 189 for log N(H I) ≥ 13.2) and a slightly shallower column density distribution function slope (−β = −1.47) relative to the general Lyα population at z = 0, reflecting the filaments’ matter over-density. The strongest Lyα absorbers are preferentially found near galaxies or close to the axis of a filament, although there is substantial scatter in this relation. Our sample of absorbers clusters more strongly around filament axes than a randomly distributed sample would do (as confirmed by a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test), but the clustering signal is less pronounced than for the galaxies in the filaments.

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