An antibiotic eluting catheter has been designed to suppress bacteriuria associated with indwelling catheter drainage of the bladder. A coating of hydrophilicgel plastic, Hydron, is used as the vehicle from which the antimicrobial agent is locally released. In 15 dogs, indwelling Hydron‐cephalothin catheters provided a high degree of protection against bacteriuria up to 96 hr. After 48 hr, all 12 control animals became infected. In preliminary clinical trials involving 60 definitive cases Hydron‐cephalothin (Group II) and plain Hydron (Group III)‐coated indwelling catheters prevented the development of bacteriuria to a significant degree compared with uncoated latex controls (Group I). At the end of 5 days, the cumulative per cent infected for Groups I, II, and III was 75, 33, and 4.7%, respectively. Increased lubricity and reduced urethral mocosal reaction at the catheter interface promote drainage and prevent accumulation of detritus at the meatus. An indwelling antibiotic eluting catheter appears to interdict bacterial invasion of the bladder by, through, and around the catheter.
An electronic device, the electromanometer, was used to obtain a record of peristalsis of the normal human ureter before, during, and after the administration of morphine sulfate, atropine sulfate, propantheline, and atropine tannate in 31 patients. Because of its sensitivity the electromanometer can measure directly the absolute value of pressure in the ureter and the alterations that occur with peristalsis. It is used with a small-caliber catheter in order to avoid obstructive factors that were inherent in prior methods used to evaluate peristalsis of the ureter. The tracings obtained showed that these four drugs in the dosages used did not alter peristalsis of the ureter.The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) The peristalsis of the normal human ureter is investi¬ gated in an attempt to establish a standard pattern of activity comparable to that obtained from the heart by electrocardiogram. As yet a normal pat¬ tern has not been accepted for the human ureter.With these standards there would be a basis for comparison with pathological ureterometrograms.(2) The effect of narcotics and parasympathicolytic drugs thought capable of affecting ureteral peristal¬ sis, as recorded on the ureterometrogram, is de¬ termined.The current concept of activity of drugs on the ureter is based on Lapides' study of 1947.1 He studied the mechanical peristalsis of the human ureter using a T-pattern hydrophorograph, which records ureteral peristalsis by measuring variations of pressure as urine flows through a large-sized ureteral catheter. He concluded that no drug of the studied group affected resting pressure or peristal¬ sis of the ureter. However, since it is known that a large-sized catheter paralyzes ureteral activity, Lapides' work has been criticized on the basis that he was measuring merely the hydraulic pressure of a column of urine in which fluctuations may occur with the rate and quantity of urinary output. In order to avoid the errors inherent in this method, Draper and Zorgniotti2 have used more refined methods in studying the effect of various drugs on the action-potential pattern of the intact dog ureter. Action potentials are a measure in millivolts of the electrical activity of the ureter that immediately precedes peristalsis. Sleator and Butchers measured mechanical peristalsis of the dog ureter by using an intraluminal balloon.
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