Teenage pregnancy and child marriage are prevalent in Zambia and are complexly interrelated issues with common causes and effects. The aim of this study was to explore factors in the social and cultural environment shaping young people’s sexual behaviour, with specific attention to teenage pregnancy and child marriage in Eastern Zambia.The study was conducted in selected wards in Petauke, Chadiza and Katete districts, using an exploratory mixed-method design including a household survey, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. The participants included 1,434 young females and males aged 15 to 24, female and male parents and caregivers; grandmothers; traditional leaders; teachers; health and social workers; representatives from youth associations, community-based and non-governmental organizations; and district level policy makers. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis and NVivo was used to manage the data, while survey data were analysed using Stata.The study revealed a high prevalence rate of teenage pregnancy (48%) and child marriage (13%) among young women. The mean age at first pregnancy or fatherhood was lower among female (17) than male respondents (20). A clear interlinkage between teenage pregnancy and child marriage was found, the two issues were mutually reinforcing. While teenage pregnancy appeared both as a cause and consequence of child marriage, marriage was mostly a common response to pregnancy. Early sexual debut, limited knowledge and use of contraception, poverty and limited future perspectives as well as sexual and gender norms were identified as the main causative factors of teenage pregnancy and therefore, child marriage.Based on the findings, a conceptual model to explain the interrelationships between young people’s sexual behaviour, teenage pregnancy and child marriage is discussed. To address teenage pregnancy and child marriage in Eastern Zambia, there is a need to look into the realities and needs of young people regarding sex and relationships.
The objective of the study was to analyze and determine the factors associated with different types of domestic violence (physical, emotional and sexual) in Zambia. The data for the study was derived from the Zambia Demographic Health Survey carried out by Central Statistical Office in 2007. The study was based on a sample of 7146 married women. Data was analyzed using Bivariate and Binary Logistic Regression. The results indicated that 43%, 23% and 15% of respondents reported having experienced physical violence, emotional violence and sexual violence, respectively. Furthermore, physical, emotional and sexual violence were significantly associated with wealth status, marital duration, place of residence, had sexually transmitted diseases in the last 12 months among married women in Zambia. Women residing in rural areas experienced physical violence 1.9 times more than those residing in urban areas. The husbands' alcohol consumption was found to be the most prominent factors significantly explaining variation in the prevalence of emotional violence. The findings from the study suggest
……………………………………………………………………………… AbstractThis study used data from the 2013 Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) based on a nationally representative sample carried out by Central Statistical Office of Zambia. This paper analyzed a special module designed to collect information on the extent of the uptake of HIV testing by sexually active young people in Zambia 131Copyright © International Association of African Researchers and Reviewers, 2006-2017: www.afrrevjo.net/ijah Indexed African Journals Online (AJOL) www.ajol.info 24 years. Overall 84% of females and 57% of males reported having tested for HIV. Regression analysis further showed that age, place of residence, work status, educational level, consistency of condom use and number of sex partners were significantly related to the uptake of HIV testing for both female and male participants. Young sexually active people should be availed affordable educational opportunities which in turn will hopefully accord them to viable economic opportunities. The media exposure to the young men and women should preach consistent condom use as well as a reduction in their sexual partners.
HIV is one of the leading health threats and cause of morbidity and mortality in Zambia. Among many preventive measures, condom use is the most effective methods of preventing HIV. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with condom use among currently married men in Zambia. Secondary data from the 2013 Zambia Demographic Health Survey was used. Results from binary logistic regression analysis showed that condom use is associated with being young (β = -0.71, p < 0.001), being rich (β = 0.25, p < 0.05), paying for sex (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), perceiving risk of contracting HIV (β = 0.38, p < 0.001), and believing in the efficacy of condom use as a protective measure against HIV (β = 0.24, p < 0.01). Condom use in Zambia is associated with socio-demographic characteristics and habits of adult males. Therefore, prevention measures aimed at increased the use of male condoms should integrate social demographic characteristics and habits of adult males to be effective.
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