Purpose: To find out level of awareness of parents regarding eye diseases, eye care needs and eye care practices among children of district Swat. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Hospitals of Tehsil Babuzai, District Swat, Pakistan from 15th March to 15th August 2022. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 parents of Tehsil Babuzai, District Swat, Pakistan. Data was collected through an interview-based questionnaire which was divided into four main parts; socio-demographic data, knowledge about eye care, knowledge about eye diseases and eye care practices. Chi-square test was used to find out association among categorical variables. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Knowledge about eye care was good in 112 parents (56.0%) and poor in 88 parents (44.0%). Knowledge was good regarding amblyopia in 82 (41.0%) parents, for childhood cataract in 63 (31.5%), and for congenital glaucoma in 56 (28.0%) parents. Attitude regarding children wearing spectacles and allowing ophthalmic surgery was positive in 179 (89.5%) and 165 (82.5%) parents, respectively. Most common eye diseases identified were refractive error (50.9%), followed by amblyopia (23.6%). Participants with higher education level and those having child with existing eye problems had significantly higher knowledge and practices scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A considerable heterogeneity was observed between different social groups regarding children’s ocular problems and practices. Health care communities must play their role in communicating health information to illiterate parents in order to improve their knowledge and practices regarding ocular issues of their children.
Introduction: Studies of allergy and respiratory diseases have traditionally used allergy skin test reactivity, serum IgE levels or peripheral blood eosinophilia to identify atopic subjects. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the association between Raised Serum IgE levels and bronchial asthma in children. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Independent Medical College FSD during June 2020 to June 2021. The data was collected from 140 patients of age range 2 to 12 years. Each patient was thoroughly examined by the physician and the proforma was filled accordingly. Results: The data was collected from 140 patients. The results showed no significant associations of gender, family history of asthma, exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months and residential set up with the elevated level of total serum IgE. The higher age group, exposure to cigarette smoke and the raised eosinophil count showed the significant associations with the elevated levels of total serum IgE in asthmatics. Conclusion: It is concluded that total serum IgE tracks with age, children who are predisposed to persistent wheezing and early sensitization to local aeroallergens already have high levels of IgE. Serum total IgE level is a good predictor of allergy in children. Keywords: Serum, Levels, IgE, Asthma
Introduction: Globally, acute appendicitis (AA) is a common surgical emergency with a lifetime risk of 1 in 7, which means that 6% of the individuals suffer an attack during their lifetime. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the role of CBC and antioxidants for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in paediatric patients. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in LGH during October 2021 to March 2022. Both male and female patients between the ages of 2 and 16 years and with paediatric appendicitis score (PAS) greater than 4 included in this study. For this purpose, we recorded their age and gender using the hospital information management system database. Results: The data was collected from 38 patients of which 7 (18.4%) were male and 31 (81.6) were female. The mean and standard deviation of age in years was 12.5789 ± 3.10 years. Table 01 shows the frequency of findings of 38 patients. Conclusion: It is concluded that children with acute appendicitis do not have deficient blood plasma antioxidant capacity. Keywords: CBC, Antioxidants, AA, Patients
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