Background: Contemporarily, the use of innovative orthodontic appliances or their components has increased for safer, quicker results, and more comfort of the patient. But, researchers rarely highlight the potential demerits of accidental ingestion of these appliances. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the evidence-based literature on the accidental swallowing of these appliances and their effect on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and airway. Method: An electronic search was performed on PubMed, Medline, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and EMBASE until April 11, 2021. Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case report tool (MQCC) was applied to determine the quality of these case reports and series. The outcome variable was to assess its effect on airway and GIT, and methods of removal of these foreign bodies. Meta-analysis was not performed as the study included case reports and case series in which no control groups were present. Results: Out of 113 case reports and series, 29 articles were included in this systematic review. Only 31% of articles have satisfied the MQCC scale and maintained as high-quality case reports, 43% of articles were medium to high quality, and 26% designated as low quality. Conclusions: Eighty percent of the accidental ingested orthodontic appliances that pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal system require a fiber-rich diet and laxatives. A total of 10% to 20% lacerates oral, pharyngeal, and gastrointestinal mucosa result in pain, bleeding requires laryngoscope, endoscopically and laparoscopy with use of Magill’s forceps. Only 1% of cases have presented with a high morbidity and mortality alarming for surgical removal of ingested component. Thus, the precautions to be taken to overcome such incidences are tying silk thread to activation key, use of recent bonding method, use of contrast colors of removable appliances as the color merges with mucosal color, and operator position should be 7 O′ clock.
Background: Contemporary orthodontic practice consists of innovative appliances for ease, safe, and quick results. However, the associated potential disadvantages are rarely published. Objective is to publish the literature on the accidental swallow of foreign objects such as orthodontic appliances or parts of fixed orthodontic appliances in patients. Method: An electronic search was performed on PubMed, Medline, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and EMBASE until March 15th 2019. Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case report tool (MQCC) was applied to determine the quality of these case reports and series. The outcome variable was to assess its effect on airway and gastrointestinal tract; methods of removal of these foreign bodies. Meta-analysis was not performed as the study included case reports and case series in which no control groups were present Results: Out of 113 case reports and series, twenty-nine articles were included in this systematic review. Only 31% of articles have satisfied the MQCC scale and maintained as high-quality case reports, 43% of articles were medium to high quality and 26% designated as low quality. Conclusions: An orthodontic appliance accidentally detaches from its position, and patient can engulf due to patient’s negligence, lack of its maintenance education and awareness. Orthodontist should educate, instruct and provide a written format of management, precautions. Accidental ingested foreign body can be managed in two methods, first is noninvasive, check forth airway obstruction, encourage for fiber-rich diet and laxatives. Second method is the use of endoscopically and laparoscopy with use magill’s forceps.
Background: E-learning platform can be utilized to improve pre-clinical practical skills. Millions undergraduates are active users of WhatsApp platform and this can be used for learning and evaluation. Objectives: The study's goals and include using WhatsApp to reinforce pre-clinical wire bending exercises among undergraduate dental students and assessing the effectiveness and acceptability of this platform among them. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted over a nine-month period and included 79 final-year BDS students from Mansarovar Dental College in Bhopal. The research was divided into three three-month sessions. An examination of similar questions of 10 MCQ and 10 Likert questions was conducted at the beginning and end of each session. A WhatsApp group called "Let's Learn Wire Bending" was formed, and digital images of wire bending exercises with step-by-step instructions and clinical benefits were posted. WhatsApp discussions about each appliance were held for three months, and at the end of the third month, an offline examination was held using the first question paper set, and student progress was evaluated. Statistical analysis: Shapiro-Wilk’s test was applied for evaluating normality of samples distribution, and in non-parametric data obtained from the Likert’s score was converted into mid-point data analysis, and comparison between groups. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to assess acceptability. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between before-session test results and after-session test results with a p-value less than 0.001. Likert feedback questionnaire revealed that students enjoyed this method of teaching. Conclusions: The present study concluded that teaching pre-clinical wire bending exercises through WhatsApp application reinforces the traditional method of pre-clinical demonstration.
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