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Security bugs can catastrophically impact our increasingly digital lives. Designing effective tools for detecting and fixing software security bugs requires a deep understanding of security bug characteristics. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive study on security bugs and proposed the classification criteria for security bug category, that is, root cause, consequence, and location. In addition, we selected 1076 bug reports from five projects (i.e., Apache Tomcat, Apache HTTP Server, Mozilla Firefox, Linux Kernel, and Eclipse) in the NVD for investigation.Finally, we investigated the correlation between the classification results and obtained some findings: (1) memory operation is the most common security bug;(2) the primary root causes of security bugs are CON (Configuration Error), INP (Input Validation Error), and MEM (Memory Error); (3) the severity of more than 40% of security bugs is high; (4) security bugs caused by INP mainly occur on web; and(5) security bugs caused by LOG (Logic Resource Error) usually lead to DoS (Denial of Service). We discussed these findings through data analysis, which can also help developers better understand the characteristics of security bugs.

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