The results suggest that if neurological examination of CFS patients are normal after their clinical status has stabilised, EEG should be performed after 7 days at the earliest, however for the most accurate diagnosis EEG should be performed 10 days after CFS. The most important predictor for neuroimaging was found to be detection of postictal neurologic deficit. MRI had no advantages over CT in first treating CFS in the emergency unit.

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The study was planned to determine identifiable starting points of a trend towards obesity and the influence of variables in preschool children aged 0 to 6 years. In this longitudinal follow-up study, 102 children were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements such as weight-height centiles (specific for gender and age group), weight-height growth velocities, and body mass indices were taken annually and compared within each group from birth to 6 years. Family history and lifestyle variables were also recorded and compared. Our study has shown that gender does not affect the trend towards obesity. In obese children, the earliest sign of a trend was the rapid increase of weight and weight gain velocity after 6 months. There were upward trends in the BMI values indicating obesity at 1 year of age in boys and at 6 months of age in girls. The height was higher in obese children than in non-obese ones after 4 years of age. Paternal obesity and having an obese sibling were significant risk factors for obesity. In conclusion, 6 months are considered to be the most critical periods for evaluating the development of obesity in childhood. The efforts for preventing obesity should be initiated at 6 months of age.

Hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome is a rare disorder presented with recurrent hypoglycemia and elevated serum ammonia, which may lead to development delays, permanent neurologic damages, if it remains underdiagnosed. It is caused by activating mutations in the GLUD1 gene which encodes the intra-mitochondrial enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH).HI/HA syndrome is considered the second most common form of hyperinsulinism (HI), and usually associated with epileptic seizures, mental retardation and generalized dystonia.We reported a patient who was diagnosed as HI/HA with multiple episodes of seizures; and previously had been diagnosed and treated for epilepsy. She has heterozygous mutation in GLUD1 gene. Treatment with diazoxide enabled complete resolution of the seizures.One year later, when her brother was six months old, he was also diagnosed with HI/HA. Later, the same mutation of GLUD1 was detected in both her father and brother too.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether abdominal aorta intima media thickness (aIMT), increases in obese children and to determine risk factors. Ninety-six children aged 5-16 (51 obese and 45 non-obese) were enrolled in this prospective and cross-sectional study. Age, gender, and relative body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Their serum lipids, thyrotropin, fasting glucose and insulin levels were analyzed. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) score was calculated for insulin resistance. Anthropometric and biochemical data were assessed along with aIMT. Findings in obese children were compared with those of non-obese control subjects. The aIMT was significantly greater in obese children. Similar trends were observed in both prepubertal children and adolescents. In obese children, the mean aIMT (mm) was 0.021 (years of age) +0.519. In non-obese children, the mean aIMT (mm) was 0.017 (years of age) +0.381. Our data suggests a relationship between glucose metabolism and aIMT in obese children. BMI was an independent risk factor for increasing aIMT. In conclusion, when compared with non-obese controls, obese children demonstrated significantly increased aIMT. Higher BMI, insulin, HOMA-IR and increased systolic blood pressure seem to be the main factors contributing to increased aIMT and risk for developing vascular disease. Childhood obesity contributes to the development of an increased aIMT.