ABSTRACT:The fuel injection system in diesel engines has a consequential effect on the fuel consumption, combustion process and formation of emissions. Cavitation and turbulence inside a diesel injector play a critical role in primary spray breakup and development processes. Thus understanding the phenomenon of cavitation is significant in capturing the injection process with accuracy. In this study, the cavitating flow inside an injector nozzle hole was numerically investigated. The two-phase mixture model by Schnerr and Sauer (2001) was adopted along with k-ε turbulence model and Fluent CFD package was used to solve the governing equations numerically. The validation of the model was done by comparing the numerical results with the experimental results of Winklhofer et al. (2001) for U-throttle geometry and a good agreement was found. In this paper, a detailed parametric study on the effects of injection pressure, transient analysis for diesel and SME (Soy Methyl Esther) biodiesel and different geometries on cavitation phenomenon inside the injector nozzle hole was done. The results show that the bio-diesel inhibits the cavitation phenomenon compared to diesel fuel, and positive K factor nozzles have higher mass flow rate and higher exit velocity.
We present a methodology for estimating the required dimensions of tunnel dryers used in the drying of agricultural products. The methodology incorporates a material model that describes the drying behaviour of the product based on the ‘receding front’ concept, and a formulation of the transfer processes in tunnel drying. The material model is first validated using experimental data before it is integrated into the dryer model. The overall dryer model in finite‐difference form is used to simulate the performance of a tunnel dryer under varying conditions. The resulting simulation algorithm becomes an engineering tool for designers of tunnel dryers, enabling the estimation of required dimensions and the drying time to reach the desired moisture content under different drying conditions and dryer performance. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Int. J. Energy Res., 21, 395–410 (1997).
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