This paper presents a smart fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system with an unobtrusive and easy-to-use FBG sensor bed, which automatically monitors the behavior of bedridden patients and their vital signs based on indicative spatio-temporal signature for adaptive intervention triggering and activity planning. We present the subtle design, fabrication, calibration, implementation and deployment issues of the FBG pressure sensors to be used in hospitals or nursing homes to prevent bedsore generation, patient falling out of the bed, and lifethreatening situations such as patient's heart rate weakening, breathing pattern change, etc. Through trials conducted in the laboratory for respiratory rate monitoring with a sample group of 10 subjects, the system showed maximum error of AE 1 breaths per minute as compared to manual counting.
Sleeping posture reveals important information for eldercare and patient care, especially for bed ridden patients. Traditionally, some works address the problem from either pressure sensor or video image. This paper presents a multimodal approach to sleeping posture classification. Features from pressure sensor map and video image have been proposed in order to characterize the posture patterns. The spatiotemporal registration of the two modalities has been considered in the design, and the joint feature extraction and data fusion is presented. Using multi-class SVM, experiment results demonstrate that the multimodal approach achieves better performance than the approaches using single modal sensing.
Incontinence is one of the major healthcare issues in everyday nursing care especially for frail elderly and patients with dementia (PWD) in nursing homes. Urinary incontinence and diaper use are prevalent in PWD due to decline in intellect and physical activities. They may lie in soiled diapers for prolonged periods resulting in indignity, discomfort, skin breakdowns and bedsores. In order to alleviate this, we propose a solution using wetness alert diaper capable of timely diaper change. In this paper, the experiences and lessons learned from initial evaluation trials with intelligent Continence Management System (iCMSv1) are explained. Then, desirable refinements and extensions are made to develop iCMSv2 enabling anywhere anytime continence management. We finally discuss challenges and possible future directions towards developing a new care model to manage incontinence effectively and efficiently.
Pressure ulcers are a common problem among patients with limited mobility, such as those bedbound and wheelchair-bound. Constant and prolonged applied pressure is one of the extrinsic factors contributing to the development of pressure ulcers. Analyzing lying postures together with interface pressure measurements from a pressure sensitive bed helps revealing pressure hot spots that can potentially lead to pressure ulcer development. We propose an intelligent system that features lying posture classification with pressure hot spots identification based on interface pressure measurements to possibly identify potential pressure ulcer risk and to provide effective preventive measures. Experimental outcomes correctly classify different lying postures with an accuracy of up to 93%. The proposed system is expected to assist caregivers to detect risk evidence and to provide timely and appropriate interventions for effective pressure ulcer prevention.
Urinary incontinence and diaper use is common among elderly people with dementia staying at nursing homes. Delays in timely diaper change will cause personal, social and economic ramifications to those elderly as well as to the carers who provide nursing care. In order to alleviate these daily care issues, an intelligent continence management system leveraging on sensors, pervasive sensor network, ambient intelligence and reminders is designed and developed. Clinical trial is conducted with multiple elderly people with dementia at a nursing home to evaluate the applicability and usefulness of the developed system. The analysis of trial outcomes and usability studies proves that this will be a feasible and effective approach to tackle the problems faced in managing incontinence effectively at nursing homes.
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