This work was supported by the BK21 Plus funded by the Ministry of Education of Korea. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of the types and token of substantives in storybooks and to provide suggestions on the use of wordlists based on storybooks. Methods: Twenty-six books in each of three age groups (0-2, 3-4, and 5-7) were selected out of a total of 78 storybooks. Among 14,728 utterances in the selected storybooks, morphological analysis was conducted on 7,184 of the utterances to calculate the types and tokens of substantives including word classes such as common nouns (Common), proper nouns (Proper), dependent nouns (Dependent), pronouns (Pro), and numeral nouns (Numeral). An ANOVA was used to determine the differences in the types and tokens of each word class across age groups. Results: Substantives represented 38.2% and 26.8% of the types and tokens, respectively, with the storybooks for 3-to 4-year olds showing the highest the ratios of types and tokens. From greatest to smallest the order of types was Common> Proper> Dependent> Pro> Numeral and the frequency of tokens was Common> Pro> Dependent= Proper> Numeral. The types and tokens of all substantive word classes except for Numeral increased significantly with age. Conclusion: Storybooks, one of children's language input environments, provide a variety of and repeated exposure to substantives, increasing as the age of the storybooks increases, which may influence word acquisition and development in children.
This work was supported by the BK21 Plus funded by the Ministry of Education of Korea. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the types and tokens of predicates in storybooks and to provide suggestions on the use of storybook predicates in research and clinical practice. Methods: Twenty-six books from each age group of 0-2, 3-4, and 5-7 years were selected, totaling 78 storybooks. Morphological analysis was conducted on 5,388 utterances containing predicates including verbs (Verb), adjectives (Adj), auxiliary verbs (Aux Verb), auxiliary adjectives (Aux Adj), positive copular (P Copula), and negative copula (N Copula) in order to calculate the types and tokens of predicates across word classes and to determine the differences in the types and tokens of each word class across storybook age groups. Results: In the selected storybooks predicates represented 25.9% and 18.7% of the total types and tokens, respectively, with types and tokens increasing with age. The order of types from greatest to smallest across word classes was Verb > Adj > Aux Verb > Aux Adj > P Copula = N Copula and the frequency of tokens was Verb> Adj> Aux Verb> P Copula> Aux Adj > N Copula. Across storybook age groups both type and token frequency for verbs increased significantly with age and decreased significantly for adjectives, and for auxiliary predicates the types decreased significantly with age whereas the token frequency increased significantly with age. Conclusion: Results show that the type and token frequency of verbs and auxiliary verbs increases with age in these storybooks. Thus, storybooks provide a language input environment that may positively influence syntactic development in children.
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