Background: Use of an LMA ProSeal™ laryngeal mask airway (P-LMA; Teleflex) with no neuromuscular block is considered a safe alternative to tracheal intubation in short-duration paediatric laparoscopic surgery. However, few studies have evaluated surgical conditions of short-duration paediatric laparoscopic surgery using this anaesthetic technique. We assessed surgical conditions for paediatric laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair using P-LMA with and without neuromuscular block. Methods: Sixty-six patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair were randomised to receive a neuromuscular block (train-of-four 1e2 twitches) using rocuronium or no neuromuscular block with the P-LMA. All operations were performed by the same surgeon who determined the surgical conditions using the Leiden-surgical rating scale (L-SRS). Secondary outcomes included perioperative data, haemodynamics, and adverse events. Results: Neuromuscular block improved surgical conditions compared with no neuromuscular block: mean (standard deviation) L-SRS 4.1 (0.5) vs 3.5 (0.6), respectively (P<0.0001). Mean rocuronium dose in the neuromuscular block group was 12.7 (4.4e29.7) mg or 0.7 (0.6e0.8) mg kg À1 . The insufflation Ppeak was higher in the no neuromuscular block group than in the neuromuscular block group: mean (standard deviation) Ppeak 17.9 (1.8) cm H 2 O vs 16.2 (1.9) cm H 2 O, respectively (P¼0.0004). Fifteen children (45.5%) in the no neuromuscular block group had adverse events during the surgery and anaesthesia vs four children (12.1%) in the neuromuscular block group (P¼0.006). Conclusions: Neuromuscular block significantly improved surgical conditions and reduced the incidence of adverse events during surgery and anaesthesia when an LMA Proseal™ was used in short-duration paediatric laparoscopic surgery. Clinical trial registration: ChiCTR2000038529.
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