Purpose. Visual-motor integration is a good indicator of a child’s overall developmental and functional level. This study investigated the combined effects of virtual reality (VR) and computer game-based cognitive therapy on the development of visual-motor integration in children with intellectual disabilities. Methods. The study used a single-group pre-post study design and 13 children with intellectual disabilities who were recruited from a community rehabilitation center participated in the study. We used the Wii VR video game and the CoTras computer game to deliver cognitive therapy over 12 sessions. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2) was used to evaluate motor function related to visual-motor integration to identify changes in function, and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2 (DTVP-2) was used to assess changes in visual perception function associated with visual-motor integration. Results. The VR and computer game-based cognitive therapy has shown significant difference in total standard score of BOT-2 associated with visual-motor integration representing improved motor function (
p
<
0.01
). Comparison of the DTVP-2 scores showed the significant difference in visual-motor integration of spatial relation and visual-motor speed (
p
<
0.05
), motor-reduced visual perception (
p
<
0.01
), and general visual perception (
p
<
0.01
). Conclusions. Results of this study provide useful evidence supporting the possibility of combined VR and computer game-based cognitive therapy for children with intellectual disabilities.
This study suggests that the CO-OP approach is beneficial effects on the occupational performance to improvement in individuals with hemiparetic stroke, and have positive effects on generalization and transfer of acquired skills.
We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review with a meta-analysis to investigate whether virtual reality (VR) approaches have beneficial effects on the upper extremity function and independent activities of stroke survivors. Experimental studies published between 2007 and 2017 were searched from two databases (EBSCOhost and PubMed). This study reviewed abstracts and assessed full articles to obtain evidence on qualitative studies. For the meta-analysis, the studies that estimated the standardized mean between the two groups analyzed the statistical values necessary for calculating the effect size. The present study also evaluated the statistical heterogeneity. In total, 34 studies with 1,604 participants were included, and the number of participants in each study ranged from 10 to 376. Nine studies were assessed to evaluate the quantitative statistical analysis for 698 patients with hemiparetic stroke. The results of the meta-analysis were as follows: The overall effect size was moderate (0.41,
P
<0.001). The 95% confidence interval ranged from 0.25 to 0.57. However, no significant heterogeneity and publication bias were observed. The results of this study showed that VR approaches are effective in improving upper extremity function and independent activities in stroke survivors.
[Purpose] The present study aimed to investigate the association between body awareness
with postural control and independence in performing activities of daily living in
patients with hemispheric stroke. Eighty-one patients who were diagnosed with stroke
participated in this study. [Participants and Methods] The participants were divided into
three groups according to their risk for falls. Furthermore, these participants were
classified into four groups according to their degree of independence in performing
activities of daily living. This study used three measuring tools, namely the body
awareness questionnaire, Berg balance scale, and modified Barthel index. [Results] Body
awareness was significantly correlated with balance function in the group with low risk
for falls compared with that in the group with high risk for falls. Body awareness was
significantly correlated with the degree of independence in performing activities of daily
living in the group that needed minimal assistance compared with the groups that needed
moderate and severe assistance. Results showed that body awareness was associated with
postural control and the degree of independence in performing activities of daily living
in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. [Conclusion] Body awareness is among the primary
factors that affect the motor function of patients with stroke in rehabilitation
settings.
Objective/BackgroundTactile perception is a basic way to obtain and evaluate information about an
object. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tactile
perception on brain activation using two different tactile explorations,
passive and active touches, in individuals with chronic hemiparetic
stroke.MethodsTwenty patients who were diagnosed with stroke (8 right brain damaged, 12
left brain damaged) participated in this study. The tactile perception was
conducted using passive and active explorations in a sitting position. To
determine the neurological changes in the brain, this study measured the
brain waves of the participants using electroencephalography (EEG).ResultsThe relative power of the sensory motor rhythm on the right prefrontal lobe
and right parietal lobe was significantly greater during the active tactile
exploration compared to the relative power during the passive exploration in
the left damaged hemisphere. Most of the measured brain areas showed
nonsignificantly higher relative power of the sensory motor rhythm during
the active tactile exploration, regardless of which hemisphere was
damaged.ConclusionThe results of this study provided a neurophysiological evidence on tactile
perception in individuals with chronic stroke. Occupational therapists
should consider an active tactile exploration as a useful modality on
occupational performance in rehabilitation training.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between daily
activities, information processing, and motor skills in individuals with hemineglect after
having a left hemiparetic stroke. [Subjects and Methods] The instrumental activities of
daily living of 35 patients (22 male and 13 female; age: 57.1 ± 16.9 years) with
hemineglect after having a left hemiparetic stroke were assessed by using three clinical
measurement tools, including activity card sorting, assessment of motor and process
skills, and the modified Barthel Index. [Results] The results of the regression analysis
indicated that the patients’ processing skills in instrumental activities of daily living
after having a left hemiparetic stroke were reduced. Participation in leisure and social
activities was also affected as assessed by using the modified Barthel Index. [Conclusion]
This study supports the clinical need for rehabilitation intervention after a left
hemiparetic stroke to improve patients’ processing skills and independence in performing
activities of daily living.
Objective: Participation restrictions are serious problems that stroke survivors experience while reintegrating into family, work, community, and social situations after participating in rehabilitation programs. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting participation in activities of daily living (ADL), as well as social and leisure activities of individuals with hemiparetic stroke. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study involved 96 participants who were diagnosed with a first stroke 6 months before the study (58 men, 38 women; 60.3±14.3 years). The Berg Balance Scale, Modified Barthel Index, Manual Function test, and Activity Card Sort were used to assess static and dynamic balance function, upper limb function, level of independence, and their level of participation within the community. A regression analysis was used to identify the influence of factors affecting participation in ADL, social and recreational activities. Results: The Activity Card Sort scores were significantly affected by the Manual Function test and Modified Barthel Index scores (p<0.05). Participation in leisure activities was affected by the level of independence. Participation in social activities was affected by the balance function and level of independence of the participants.
Conclusions:The results of this study have shown that participation restrictions are affected by upper limb function, balance function, and the level of independence in individuals with hemiparetic stroke.
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