Named Entity Recognition (NER) is often the first step towards automated Knowledge Base (KB) generation from raw text. In this work, we assess the bias in various Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems for English across different demographic groups with synthetically generated corpora. Our analysis reveals that models perform better at identifying names from specific demographic groups across two datasets. We also identify that debiased embeddings do not help in resolving this issue. Finally, we observe that character-based contextualized word representation models such as ELMo results in the least bias across demographics. Our work can shed light on potential biases in automated KB generation due to systematic exclusion of named entities belonging to certain demographics.
In this paper, we introduce the generalized viscosity implicit rules of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces. The strong convergence theorems of the implicit rules proposed are proved under certain assumptions imposed on the control parameters. The results presented in this paper improve and extend some recent corresponding results announced.
To improve the competitiveness of air transport, this study proposed a method for devising a differentiated comfort enhancement strategy and compared the comfort of aircraft and high-speed trains (HST). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the similarities and differences in the factors influencing comfort in aircraft cabins and HST compartments. The results showed that comfort in widebody aircraft cabins was mainly influenced by "food & beverage" and "personal inflight entertainment" (personal IFE), whereas comfort in narrow-body aircraft and HSTs was mainly influenced by the "passenger interface." The results also showed no significant difference in the overall comfort evaluation of the passenger interface between narrow-body aircraft and HSTs. Furthermore, aircraft passenger ratings were significantly lower than those of HST passengers with regard to "spaciousness," "seat comfort," and "seat and cabin and compartment aesthetics." The study results suggest that given competition from HSTs, airlines should use different comfort enhancement strategies for wide-body and narrow-body aircraft cabins.
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