Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate different laboratory parameters in children and adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with and without diabetic neuropathy. Methods: 60 children and adolescents with T1DM was enrolled in this study, they were classified into: 30 cases with T1DM from 2 to 5 years, 30 cases with T1DM for more than 5 years and 30 healthy children matched for age and sex as a control group. Blood samples were obtained from all cases to assess different laboratory investigation including hemoglobin (Hb) level, liver function test (ALT and AST), renal function test (urea and serum creatinine), fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2 h post prandial glucose (2hPP), lipid profile (serum cholesterol and triglycerides) and thyroid function tests. Results: There was significant value in serum creatinine, serum cholesterol, FBS and 2hPP glucose level between the studied groups. Conclusion: Patients with DM duration more than five years are associated with impaired renal function, hypercholesteremia and less glycemic control.

Background: Proteinuria is a marker of severity of chronic kidney disease)CKD) and leads to progression to end stage renal disease which can be reduced by blocking renin angiotensin aldosterone system(RAAS) through angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEis) (e.g . enalapril) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (e.g. losartan( Aim of the Work: To evaluate the renoprotective effect of losartan versus enalapril in children with CKD. Patients and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on Sixty CKD children aged (5 to 17 years), were subdivided into three groups as the following: group I; 20 patients received enalapril, group II; 20 patients received losartan, group III; 20 patients didn’t receive losartan nor enalapril. All patients were subjected to thorough history, clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations (blood urea, serum creatinine, GFR, 24hours urinary  proteins, serum albumin, lipid profile and serum electrolytes) initially and after 6monthes of treatment. Results: this prospective cohort study was conducted on 34males and 26 females CKD children. Steroid dependantnephrotic syndrome (SDNS) was the commonest cause (53.3%)followed by diabetic nephropathy (DN)(15%), lupus nephritis(LN) (12%) and only 1 case was frequent relapse NS (FRNS). protienuria improved with 76.7% reduction in losartan group versus 45.6%reduction in enalapril group after 6 months of treatment. GFR increased by( 4.5%,8.6%)  in losartan and enalapril groups respectively. Serum creatinine decreased by(11.6% and 8.3%) in losartan and enalapril groups respectively. Conclusions: losartan and enalapril have a role in controlling proteinuria distinct from their  antihypertensive effect .