The world is projected to experience an approximate doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration in the next decades. Rise in atmospheric CO2 level as one of the most important reasons is expected to contribute to raise the mean global temperature 1.4 ℃-5.8 ℃ by that time. A survey from 128 countries speculates that global warming is primarily due to increase in atmospheric CO2 level that is produced mainly by anthropogenic activities. condition induces abnormality in physiology of animals under elevated temperature. Exposure of animals to rise in habitat temperature is found to boost the metabolism of animals and a very strong and positive correlation exists between metabolism and levels of ROS and OS. Continuous induction of OS is negatively correlated with survivability and longevity and positively correlated with ageing in animals. Thus, it can be predicted that continuous exposure of animals to acute or gradual rise in habitat temperature due to global warming may induce OS, reduced survivability and longevity in animals in general and poikilotherms in particular. A positive correlation between metabolism and temperature in general and altered O2 consumption at elevated temperature in particular could also increase the risk of experiencing OS in homeotherms. Effects of global warming on longevity of animals through increased risk of protein misfolding and disease susceptibility due to OS as the cause or effects or both also cannot be ignored. Therefore, understanding the physiological impacts of global warming in relation to longevity of animals will become very crucial challenge to biologists of the present millennium.
Symphysiotomy is an alternative management in women with obstructed labor. It has a role in low-resource settings, where CS is unaffordable, unavailable or unsafe. For the vast majority of the poor population, who may not have even have one proper meal a day, it can be of benefit to have a woman's pelvis made permanently adequate so that traditional birth attendants can conduct her subsequent labors.
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an extremely attractive source of stem cells for the treatment of various benign and malignant hematological and non-hematological disorders. To facilitate the preservation of these stem cells, 10 % dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used as cryoprotectant in cord blood banks. But it is found to be toxic at this concentration with the result of serious side effects in recipients after infusion of DMSO-cryopreserved cells. Evaluation of viability and functionality of cryopreserved hematopoietic stem cells is needed with either inclusion of nontoxic additives alone or with reduced DMSO concentration. We assessed the post thawing viability of UCB stem cells in the freezing medium containing disaccharides (sucrose or trehalose) alone and in combination with reduced amount i.e. 2 % DMSO by trypan blue staining. The functionally active progenitor cells content of the optimized media was then evaluated and compared with 5% DMSO by a colony forming unit assay using methylcellulose based media. The freezing solution containing 0.2 M trehalose with 2 % DMSO came out to be superior in the evaluation of viability and generation of hematopoietic colonies of erythroid and myeloid lineage than 5 % DMSO alone. While the percentage of viability was lower than 2 % DMSO, as observed in the medium containing 0.2 M trehalose or sucrose alone, with poor outcome of generation of myeloid lineage based colonies. Our study results suggest that trehalose (0.2M) with the inclusion of reduced concentration of DMSO(2%) can better replace 5%DMSO rather than complete removal of DMSO from the freezing medium.
Aim: The present study was carried out to evaluate the impact of concentrate supplementation to the pregnant Ganjam goats on their growth performance in periparturient period.
Materials and Methods:A total of 45 pregnant Ganjam does of similar body weight, age and parity were divided into three treatment groups with 15 does in each. T : normal browsing at range system, T : normal browsing with concentrate doe indicating a statistically significant difference among the treatments.
Conclusion:It is concluded that on supplementation of concentrate between 160 to 225 g improved both prepartum and postpartum body condition of Ganjam goats.
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