Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disorder of neurodevelopment, which affects individuals across social, ethnic, and geographic groups. Autistic children have difficulty with gross motor and fine motor functioning difficulties, including a wide range of signs and symptoms. Toe walking due to TA tightness is commonly observed gait in autistic children altering foot posture in them. The knowledge about the abnormalities can be useful for the assessment and treatment planning of ASD children. We evaluated TA tightness, ROM of the ankle joint, and compare the effect of manual therapy (MET) and conventional therapy for improving TA flexibility and foot posture. Methods: An RCT included 20 diagnosed autistic children(13male,7female) as per inclusion criteria the subjects were divided into two groups, i.e., group A and B, the group A was given Conventional Therapy in the form of passive stretching whereas Group B was given Manual Therapy in the form Muscle Energy Technique. The participants were clinically examined and evaluate TA tightness in the form of Elastography, Range of motion, and foot posture. Data were taken as pre and after post-intervention. Results: There were significant changes in elastography readings, foot posture index, and range of motion in both groups post-intervention, but significant improvement was observed in group B as compared to group A, i.e., p>0.05.
Conclusion:This has been concluded that there is a significant effect of Manual therapy in the form of muscle energy technique for improving TA flexibility and foot posture as compared to conventional treatment.
The diagnosis and management of vertigo is still a challenge. Vertigo is managed by heterogenous group of specialists, including Otolaryngologists, Neurologists and Physiotherapists. The cause of vertigo could be vestibular, central or cervicogenic. The current review was undertaken as an attempt to highlight the various gaps in knowledge about vertigo of varied aetiologies. Cervicogenic vertigo is caused due to neck pathologies and is considered by some authors to be one of the most common vertigo syndromes. However, there is little mention of it in otolaryngology textbooks. Barriers across the specialties and lack of communication between the specialists are an impediment in vertigo management. This review has attempted to highlight the likely multifactorial aetiologies and fallacies in the pathophysiology of Meniere’s disease. The clinical overlaps in cervicogenic and vestibular vertigo have been discussed, some of them being, the occurrence of aural symptoms and neck pain in both the entities. This review article brings out the need to revisit the pathophysiology of vestibular vertigo syndromes and include cervicogenic dizziness in the list of vertigo syndromes in Otolaryngology textbooks. The authors found a dire need of an interdisciplinary approach to elucidate the cause of vertigo of varied presentation with the goal of better patient management.
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