The authors formulate a model integrating households' residential-mode choice and residential distribution in a metropolitan area with surface streets and rail transit networks. The model was constructed to describe transportationöresidential land-use interaction by means of continuous analytical approaches and mathematical programming methods. Heterogeneity among residential sites and households is also considered, to alleviate aggregation bias. The model is formulated to minimize the sum of households' generalized travel costs and rent costs under user equilibrium by incorporating flow-congestion effects and the bid-rent effects of different income households. Decision variables include the number of households and flow intensity at each residential site, and the number of transferring passengers at each rail transit station. In addition, the generalized travel cost, households' residential distribution, and rent-cost distribution in a metropolitan area are analyzed to explore the benefits of rail transit lines. The results reveal that, upon completion of rail transit networks, savings in travel time from each residential site to the central business district are more marked for longer commuting distances. Moreover, rent costs are, as expected, higher in areas along rail-transit lines.
This study focuses on the mode and route choices of a logistics company in a situation involving intercity transportation with networks of surface roads, highways and a railway. A method of transportation network analysis is applied to construct a logistics company mode and route choice models with the objective of minimizing total distribution and external costs. This study also assumes that the fleet number and vehicle capacities are given. Freight distributed from a distribution center to given retailers or consumers via surface road/highway links or via intermodal transportation involving surface road/highway links and a railway. In terms of model construction, this study first explores the routing and sequence of the retailers and consumers served by each vehicle. Second, the study internalizes the external cost of air pollution into the total distribution cost, to analyze the influences of external cost burdens on a logistics company mode and route choices from a user charge perspective. Finally, the study designs a heuristic algorithm for solving the above models, and illuminates the modeling process using a numerical example.
Abstract. This work adopts a continuum approximation method based on long-term planning to describe the continuous characteristics of air pollution dispersion, street and rail transit network flow as well as household distribution. The model of air pollution distribution in a metropolitan area with surface streets and rail transit networks is constructed by applying dispersion equations of air pollutants in the field of Physics. Variations in air pollution due to decreased car flows, which result from commuters' shifting to the newly completed rail transit system, are also analyzed. Benefits from the reduction of air pollution are estimated by accumulating all of the exposed households at each residential site. Finally, a case study demonstrates the model application and estimates the improvement of residential environment in the Taipei metropolitan area due to the rail transit system.
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