Lattice strain plays a crucial role on the properties of nanoparticles. Although the effect of lattice strain on nanoparticles has been widely studied in experimental measurements and calculations, its physical mechanism from the perfective of bond identities is still poorly understood. Herein we put forward an analytical solution of the size effect and external stimuli such as pressure and temperature dependence of lattice strain and bulk modulus of a nanoparticle from the perspective of atomistic origin. A shell-core configuration has been considered for the nanoparticle structure. It has been found that the lattice strain as well as quantum trapping and energy storage exerted by the compressive stress and thermal stress would be responsible for the mechanical behavior of nanoparticles. The theoretical predictions were well consistent with the experimental data and ab initio calculations, implying that the model could be expected to be a general approach to understand mechanical behavior in nanomaterials.

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Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of iron-dependent cell death, which is different from other death forms. The main characteristics of ferroptosis are: (1) Amino acid metabolism. (2) Iron metabolism; (3) Lipid metabolism and Reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ferroptosis is related to the occurrence and development of a variety of cancers, especially in the drug resistance. This article reviews the research progress of iron death in tumors, and provides a theoretical reference for its further research and clinical application.