Removal of methylene blue by activated carbon produced from tea fruit peel (Camellia sinensis L.) residue using agents ZnCl 2 (AC-1) and H 3 PO 4 (AC-2) was investigated in this work. Mesoporous activated carbons with desirable surface areas and total pore volumes were obtained. Meanwhile, the characteristics of the activated carbon were examined. The effects of solution pH (2 to 10), contact time (0 to 480 min), and adsorbate dosage (0.5 to 3.5 g L -1) were studied. Equilibrium adsorption data were found to be in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of methylene blue onto activated carbons were 291.5 and 342.5 mg g -1 for AC-1 and AC-2, respectively. The intraparticle diffusion model indicated that intraparticle diffusion was not the sole rate-determining step. The results demonstrated that the easily available tea fruit peel activated carbon is an excellent adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions.
Similarity solutions based on velocity potential theory are found to be possible in the case of an expanding paraboloid entering water when gravity is ignored. Numerical solutions are obtained based on the boundary element method. Iteration is used for the nonlinear boundary conditions on the unknown free surface, together with regular remeshing. Results are obtained for paraboloids with different slenderness (or bluntness). Flow features and pressure distributions are discussed along with the physical implications. It is also concluded that similarity solutions may be possible in more general cases.
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