Context
The bulb of
Lilium brownii
F. E. Brown (Liliaceae) (LB) is a common Chinese medicine to relieve insomnia.
Objective
To investigate the molecular mechanism of LB relieving insomnia.
Materials and methods
Insomnia model was induced by intraperitoneally injection
p
-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into three groups: Control, PCPA (400 mg/kg, i.p. 2 days), LB (598.64 mg/kg, oral 7 days). The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), melatonin (MT), and the expression of GABA
A
, 5-HT1A and MT receptors, as well as pathological changes in hypothalamus, were evaluated. 16S rDNA sequencing and UPLC-MS/MS were used to reveal the change of the intestinal flora and metabolic profile.
Results
The adverse changes in the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora and faecal metabolic phenotype altered by PCPA in rats were reversed after LB treatment, accompanied by the up-regulated levels of 5-HT as 8.14 ng/mL, MT as 16.16 pg/mL, 5-HT1A R and GABA
A
R, down-regulated level of NE as 0.47 ng/mL, and the improvement of pathological phenomena of cells in the hypothalamus. And the arachidonic acid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism pathway most significantly altered by PCPA were markedly regulated by LB. Besides, it was also found that LB reduced the levels of kynurenic acid related to psychiatric disorders and trimethylamine-
N
-oxide associated with cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion
The mechanism of LB relieving insomnia involves regulating flora and metabolites to resemble the control group. As a medicinal and edible herb, LB could be considered for development as a health-care food to relieve increasing insomniacs in the future.
This study determined the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from HBsAg-positive mothers on HBV intrauterine transmission. A total of 150 HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates were recruited in this study. Within 24 h after birth, HBV serological markers, serum HBV DNA, PBMC HBV relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA), and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) were measured in the HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates before passive-active immune prophylaxis. The relationship between HBV replication in PBMC and HBV intrauterine transmission was examined through Chisquare test and logistic regression. The rate of HBV intrauterine transmission was 8.00% (12/150) in the 150 neonates born to HBsAg-positive mothers. The positivities of PBMC HBV rcDNA and cccDNA in the HBsAg-positive mothers were 36.67% (55/150) and 10% (15/150), respectively. Maternal PBMC HBV cccDNA was a risk factor of HBV intrauterine transmission (OR = 6.003, 95% CI: 1.249-28.855). Maternal serum HBeAg was a risk factor of PBMC HBV rcDNA (OR = 3.896, 95% CI: 1.929-7.876) and PBMC HBV cccDNA (OR = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.186-11.793) in the HBsAg-positive mothers. Administration of hepatitis B immune globulin was a protective factor of PBMC HBV cccDNA (OR = 0.312, 95%CI: 0.102-0.954) during pregnancy. The positivity of PBMC HBV rcDNA was related to that of cccDNA in the HBsAg-positive mothers (χ = 5.087, P = 0.024). This study suggests that PBMC is a reservoir of HBV and an extrahepatic site for virus replication and plays a critical role in HBV intrauterine transmission.
Background: Babies born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers bear a high risk of being non- or hypo-responsive to hepatitis B (HB) vaccine with unilluminated mechanisms. Placental immunity is closely related to the development of baby immune system, however, the roles of the placental immunity in the insufficient response of these babies are unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the role of placental trophoblast Toll-Like Receptor 3(TLR3)signaling pathway in HB vaccine non- or hypo-response of these special babies. Methods: A total of 399 pairs of HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates were recruited to perform a nested case-control study. The maternal and children’s HBV DNA and the HBV serological markers were detected by Fluorescence Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (FQ-PCR) and Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA). The trophoblast TLR3 signaling pathway proteins and infant cytokines IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-α and IFN-γ were tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Enzyme–Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The expression of TLR3 and NF-κB, a TLR3 downstream protein, were significantly decreased in the non- or hypo-responders ( Z= -3.00 and -2.46, P <0.01 and =0.01). Furthermore, the trophoblast TLR3 expression negatively correlated with maternal HBV DNA ( r = -0.29, P = 0.003), HBeAg ( r = -0.28, P = 0.01) and HBV DNA+HBeAg ( r = -0.24, P = 0.02). Besides, NF-κB positively correlated with infant IL-6 ( r = 0.24, P = 0.026). By comprehensive analysis of maternal, placental and infant information, a Bayesian network model showed that the trophoblast TLR3 signaling pathway contacted with the non- or hypo-responsiveness. onclusions: Maternal HBV infection affected the trophoblast TLR3 signaling pathway protein expression, and consequently the impaired TLR3 signaling pathway involved in the HB vaccine non- or hypo-responsiveness mainly by influencing infant IL-6.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.