Background & objectives:Dengue infection is endemic in several areas and the dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Thus, it becomes important to understand the breeding ecology of dengue vector and characterize the physicochemical parameters of its breeding habitat. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical parameters of the breeding habitat of the dengue vector and to find out the nutrient composition of the habitat in and around Kolkata, West Bengal. In addition, a geographic information system (GIS) was used to map the disease prone areas for its effective management and prevention.Methods:Water samples were collected from various breeding habitats of Aedes mosquitoes of Kolkata and adjoining areas and were analysed for various physicochemical properties like acidity, alkalinity, hardness, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, concentration of chloride (Cl-), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), fluoride (F-) in relation to larval prevalence.Results:Parameters like water pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, electrical conductivity, concentration of chloride, sodium and potassium were seen to vary throughout the year. Certain parameters were found to be dependent on container type, like concentration of fluoride. Significant positive correlations were seen between per dip larval density and total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity.Interpretation & conclusions:Water pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids were seen to play a major role in the ovipositional preferences. Container type did not seem to affect TDS. Tyres had the highest TDS in most of the cases. Nutrient composition like sodium concentration was mostly found in the coconut shells, potassium concentration also showed the same. Thus, container type and various parameters and nutrients play a major role in determining where a gravid female mosquito will lay its eggs. It was observed that by altering various chemical and physical properties of breeding habitats it was possible to control the larvae survivability.
Intra-puparial development of forensically important and myiasis-producing flesh fly Sarcophaga dux (Thomson) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) was studied. In the laboratory, second-generation pupae (n = 240) were dissected and photographed using digital camera and SEM for more elaborative description. Intrapuparial development of this species was studied with the description of larva-pupa apolysis phase, cryptocephalic pupa, phanerocephalic pupa and pharate adult stages. Total time for pupal development was about 252 h under laboratory conditions. Keywords: Cryptocephalic and phanerocephalic pupa, intra-puparial development, larva-pupa apolysis, Sarcophaga dux (Thomson).FLESH fly Sarcophaga dux (Thomson) is abundant in all zoogeographical regions throughout the world. These flies are attracted to human excrement and dead bodies of different animals. Adult flies are generally attracted to offered bait of rotten fish and meat. The larvae develop in carrion and are able to produce myiasis in different animals. The 'flesh fly' larvae are potentially the most useful insects for investigation of suspicious human death 1 . A forensically important fly is reported to complete its entire life cycle on a dead carcass along with the autolysis, putrefaction, fermentation and diagnosis process in the dead 2 . Few human death investigations have recovered S. dux 3 . This fly was recognized as forensically important in Switzerland and other parts of the world, where adult S. dux was found associated with human corpse 4 . Life history of this fly species and larval stages have been studied by many workers 3,5-9 . Samerjai et al. 10described puparia of five flesh fly species by morphometric analysis on the length and width of puparia. They examined the number and arrangement of papillae in the anterior spiracle, the shape of the intersegmental spines and the pattern of spiracular tufts at the posterior spiracle. Their observations along with SEM photomicrographs were involved only with the external morphology of the puparium. This article describes the gradual morphological changes that take place during intra-puparial development of S. dux. Morphology of intra-puparial developmental stages of this forensically important and myiasis-producing species has great relevance. It may be possible to identify a species by studying intra-puparial developmental stages, even if only a few pupae are available. The terminology and chronology of the events described here are after Pujol-Luz and Barros-Cordeiro 11 who studied intra-puparial development of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Calliphoridae). Materials and methodsA mating pair was collected from the Sonamukhi College campus, West Bengal, India and reared in the laboratory. The second-generation gravid female flies from pure culture deposited larvae on the breeding material (raw chicken meat) under laboratory conditions (temperature 22 2C, RH 56% 2%). Some of the fully mature, sluggish, third-instar larvae which ceased feeding were collected. After pupation of the second-genera...
This paper reports one case of wound myiasis by Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Diptera, Calliphoridae) that occurred in a goat and three cases of vaginal myiasis, five cases of cutaneous myiasis and one case of hoof myiasis in goat, buffalo and bull respectively by Seniorwhitea reciproca (Diptera, Sarcophagidae), for the first time in West Bengal, India.
The present paper reports a case of human vaginal myiasis in a 22 year old woman. This is the first report of this fly species to cause vaginal myiasis in human till now. The infested maggots were removed from the vagina and cultured in laboratory. Entomological studies on the emerged flies showed that the infested larvae were Oriental latrine fly Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius. Clinical presentation and treatment strategies are discussed also.
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