One-dimensional evaluation of Ramjet-mode operation was carried out on a rocket-ramjet combined cycle engine model. For simplicity, instantaneous mixing between the airflow and rocket exhaust, instantaneous heat release, and pressure recovery by a normal-shock wave were assumed. Shock wave location was so decided that the heat release at the injection (heat addition) location was to thermally-choke the combustion gas flow. By changing the injection location, it was shown that a further downstream injection resulted in a further thrust production and a further fuel flow rate requirement for choking, and a lesser specific impulse. Balancing the thrust production and the specific impulse in terms of the launch vehicle acceleration performance should be pursued. The total pressure loss within the engine model was dominated by the shock wave location, not depended on injection location and fuel flow rate, so that having shock wave penetration to further upstream location was beneficial both for thrust production in the engine and at the external nozzle.
Pilots are sometimes not provided with sufficient information to avoid go-arounds or other operational disruptions that result from low-level wind disturbances. We identified issues with existing windshear alerting systems and developed three types of airport low-level wind information systems to enhance pilot situational awareness of wind conditions by providing landing aircraft with quantitative and visualised wind information for ultimately mitigating air service disruptions due to low-level wind disturbances. The three systems, Airport Low-level Wind Information (ALWIN) and Low-level Turbulence Advisory System (LOTAS), both of which use Doppler radar/lidar, and Sodar-based Low-level Wind Information (SOLWIN), which uses Doppler SOnic Detection And Ranging (SODAR), have different costs and capabilities that allow the most cost-effective system to be selected for an airport according to its scale and local weather characteristics. This paper presents the operational concepts of our newly developed airport low-level wind information systems and describes their validation.
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