Background
Many internal migrants during the urbanization process in China are Migrant Parents, the aging group who move to urban areas to support their family involuntarily. They are more vulnerable economically and physically than the younger migrants. However, the fragmentation of rural and urban health insurance schemes divided by “hukou” household registration system limit migrant’s access to healthcare services in their resident location. Some counties have started to consolidate the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI) and the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) as one Integrated Medical Insurance Schemes (IMIS) from 2008. The consolidation aimed to reduce the disparity between different schemes and increase the health care utilization of migrants.
Results
Using the inpatient sample of migrant parents from China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2015, we used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) for regression models. We found that the migrant parents covered by the IMIS are more likely to choose inpatient services and seek medical treatment in the migrant destination. We further subdivide Non-IMISs into NCMSs and URBMIs in the regression to alleviate the doubt about endogenous. The results revealed that the migrant parents in IMIS use more local medical services than both of them in URBMI and NCMS.
Conclusions
The potential mechanisms of our results could be that IMIS alleviates the difficulty of seeking medical care in migrant destinations by improving the convenience of medical expense reimbursement and enhancing health insurance benefits.
Background
The issue of malnutrition in the Democratic Republic of Congo is severe. Meanwhile, the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene program has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing the rates of growth stunting among children.
Objective
We aimed to explore the association between maternal exposure to mass media and stunting in children through water, sanitation, and hygiene behaviors.
Methods
Mediation analysis was conducted using data from the 2018 Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys.
Results
Mothers’ exposures to television and the internet in the Democratic Republic of Congo significantly decreases the risk of stunting in children by 5% and 10%, respectively, mediated by household water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities and practices.
Conclusions
These findings could inform interventions and policies to reduce the rate of stunting rate children by promoting water, sanitation, and hygiene through mass media, especially through the internet and television.
Background: A large number of internal immigrants in the process of urbanization in China is Migrant Parents, the aging group who move to urban area involuntarily to support their family. They are more vulnerable economically and physically than the younger migrants. However, the fragmentation of rural and urban health insurance schemes divided by “hukou” household registration system limit migrant’s access to healthcare services in their resident location. Some provinces have started to consolidate the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance and the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme as one Integrated Medical Insurance Schemes (IMIS) to reduce the disparity between different schemes and increase the health care utilization of migrants. Results: Using China Migrants Dynamic Survey, we used OLS for regression in models. We found that the migrant parents who are covered by the IMIS are more likely to choose inpatient service and to seek medical treatment in the migrant destination, by improving the convenience of medical expense reimbursement and relieving the economic pressure. Conclusions: The potential mechanisms of our results could be that IMIS alleviates the difficulty of seeking medical care in migrant destinations by improving the convenience of medical expense reimbursement and relieving the economic constrain.
UNSTRUCTURED
The issue of malnutrition in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is severe. Meanwhile, the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) program had been demonstrated to be effective in reducing the rates of stunting among children. Hence, we aim to explore the association between maternal exposure to mass media and stunting in children through WASH behaviors. Mediation analysis was conducted using data from the 2018 Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys (MICS). Results indicate that mothers’ exposure to television and the internet in the DRC, significantly decreases the risk of stunting in children, mediated by household WASH level. Our results could inform and guide interventions and policies to reduce the stunting rate among children by promoting WASH through mass media.
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