for end-stage renal disease, with a longer life expectancy, better quality of life and costeffectiveness compared to hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Kidney allograft rejection is the major cause for loss of graft function. Currently, no reliable serum markers for rejectionexist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CXCL 11 and CXCL13 gene expressions for noninvasive immune status monitoring and allograft rejection.METHODS: Between April 2013 and March 2019, patients who underwent live donor kidney transplantation were included in the study. CXCL11 and CXCL13 gene expressions were evaluated in urine samples collected from patients preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 7 and months 1 and 3.RESULTS: A total of 91 patients with a mean age 36-years-old (range:18-65)were included in the study. Female to Male ratio was 38/ 53. The patients were followed for at least three months after transplantation and the mean follow-up was 46.8 months. Compared to stable graft function (SGF) group, CXCL11 and CXCL13 expression levels were approximately 4-fold (p<0.001) & 5.2-fold (p<0.001) and 3.5 (p<0.001) & 4-fold (p<0.001) higher in the acute rejection (AR) group on the postoperative day 1 and 7, respectively. Similarly, CXCL11 and CXCL13 gene expression levels were signiLcantly higher in AR compared to SGF group at the 1st month (p <0.05). Whereas, CXCL11 and CXCL13 expression levels were 3.5 fold and 2 fold higher compared to SGF group in patients with acute tubular necrosis (ATN) only on postoperative day 1 (Tables 1 & 2). In addition, one month after the transplantation, we found that CXCL11 but not CXCL13 gene expression level was approximately 4 times higher in patients who had BK virus positivity.CONCLUSIONS: Follow-up of allograft function after KTx is of utmost importance. CXCL11 and CXCL13 gene expression levels might have role in immune monitoring as they seem to have a potential to predict AR.
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