As outlined in the 3Gpp Release 16, 5G satellite access is important for 5G network development in the future. A terrestrial-satellite network integrated with 5G has the characteristics of low delay, high bandwidth, and ubiquitous coverage. A few researchers have proposed integrated schemes for such a network; however, these schemes do not consider the possibility of achieving optimization of the delay characteristic by changing the computing mode of the 5G satellite network. We propose a 5G satellite edge computing framework (5GsatEC), which aims to reduce delay and expand network coverage. This framework consists of embedded hardware platforms and edge computing microservices in satellites. To increase the flexibility of the framework in complex scenarios, we unify the resource management of the central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), and field-programmable gate array (FPGA); we divide the services into three types: system services, basic services, and user services. In order to verify the performance of the framework, we carried out a series of experiments. The results show that 5GsatEC has a broader coverage than the ground 5G network. The results also show that 5GsatEC has lower delay, a lower packet loss rate, and lower bandwidth consumption than the 5G satellite network.

Perceived OLC indirectly affects user behavioral intention through the mediation of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence in the operating room setting.

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Dynamic fitness landscape analyses contain different metrics to attempt to analyze optimization problems. In this article, some of dynamic fitness landscape metrics are selected to discuss differential evolution (DE) algorithm properties and performance. Based on traditional differential evolution algorithm, benchmark functions and dynamic fitness landscape measures such as fitness distance correlation for calculating the distance to the nearest global optimum, ruggedness based on entropy, dynamic severity for estimating dynamic properties, a fitness cloud for getting a visual rendering of evolvability and a gradient for analyzing micro changes of benchmark functions in differential evolution algorithm, the authors obtain useful results and try to apply effective data, figures and graphs to analyze the performance differential evolution algorithm and make conclusions. Those metrics have great value and more details as DE performance.

INTRODUCTION:The role of reproductive factors in the development of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unknown. We assessed the potential contributions of gender, menopausal status, and menarche age to liver fibrosis in CHB.METHODS:A cross-sectional prospective study included 716 women and 716 age-matched men with CHB who were not currently receiving antiviral therapy. Liver stiffness measurement using transient elastography was used to stage liver fibrosis as F0–F1 (<7.2 kPa), F ≥ 2 (7.2 kPa), F ≥ 3 (9.4 kPa), and F = 4 (12.2 kPa). Female patients were asked regarding their age at menarche and menopausal status using a questionnaire.RESULTS:Of the 716 women, 121 (16.9%) were postmenopausal, and 80 (11.2%) had advanced liver fibrosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the postmenopausal status compared with the premenopausal status (odds ratio [OR] = 3.65–8.83; P < 0.05) and age at menarche of >14 years compared with <13 years (OR = 2.85–3.95; P < 0.05) were significantly associated with advanced fibrosis. Compared with premenopausal women, age-matched men had a higher OR for advanced fibrosis (P < 0.05). Compared with postmenopausal women, age-matched men did not show a significant difference in the degree of liver fibrosis (P > 0.05). Longitudinal data analysis showed that postmenopausal women (n = 31) were significantly less likely to undergo regression of liver fibrosis after antiviral treatment vs premenopausal women (n = 19) (26.3% vs 74.2%, respectively; P < 0.001).DISCUSSION:Menopause and late menarche aggravated liver fibrosis in untreated CHB, besides menopause delayed fibrosis regression under antiviral therapy. The protective effect of female gender against fibrosis was lost for postmenopausal women.TRANSLATIONAL IMPACT:It is important to consider menopausal status and age at menarche in establishing surveillance strategies among CHB females. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy may be considered for the prevention or treatment of liver fibrosis.

Introduction Patient centred care is needed now more than ever in the treatment of opioid use disorder. Trials, policy makers, and service providers have most often used treatment retention and opioid urine screens as measures of treatment effectiveness. However, patients receiving medication for opioid use disorder treatment (MOUD) may prioritise the use of different ways to assess treatment success. Objective The aim of this review is to synthesize literature examining the self-reported goals patients would like to achieve in MOUD for opioid use disorder. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Clinical Trials Registry, the National Institutes for Health Clinical Trials Registry, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception until April 30th, 2021. No restrictions were placed on language, age, or type of MOUD. A qualitative synthesis is presented given that a meta-analysis was not possible. Results The search yielded a total of 21,082 records from which 8 met criteria for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis. We identified a total of 43 patient-reported treatment goals from the 8 studies. Twelve domains were created from the 43 goals reported. These domains cover a range of important areas for patients’ goals related to living a normal life, physical health, mental health, treatment, and substance use specific areas. Conclusion This review highlights several patient goals that they would like to achieve during treatment for opioid use disorder that are not commonly considered as markers of treatment effectiveness. Goals related to health, living a normal life, and overall substance use concerns by patients should be taken into consideration by clinical trialists, researchers, policy makers, service providers, patients, and communities engaged in developing and tailoring treatment plans for opioid use disorder. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO CRD42018095553.

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By transient elastography-based stepwise combination with readily available serum markers, performance of detecting compensated CHB cirrhosis could be significantly improved in terms of diagnosis accuracy and proportion of obviating liver biopsy.