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In traffic accidents, motorcycle accidents are the main cause of casualties, especially in developing countries. The main cause of fatal injuries in motorcycle accidents is that motorcycle riders or passengers do not wear helmets. In this paper, an automatic helmet detection of motorcyclists method based on deep learning is presented. The method consists of two steps. The first step uses the improved YOLOv5 detector to detect motorcycles (including motorcyclists) from video surveillance. The second step takes the motorcycles detected in the previous step as input and continues to use the improved YOLOv5 detector to detect whether the motorcyclists wear helmets. The improvement of the YOLOv5 detector includes the fusion of triplet attention and the use of soft-NMS instead of NMS. A new motorcycle helmet dataset (HFUT-MH) is being proposed, which is larger and more comprehensive than the existing dataset derived from multiple traffic monitoring in Chinese cities. Finally, the proposed method is verified by experiments and compared with other state-of-the-art methods. Our method achieves mAP of 97.7%, F1-score of 92.7% and frames per second (FPS) of 63, which outperforms other state-of-the-art detection methods.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

In this paper, we demonstrate a perceptual-based 3D skeleton motion data refinement method based on a bidirectional recurrent autoencoder, called BRA-P. Three main technical contributions are made by the proposed network. First, the proposed BRA-P can address noisy data with different noise types and amplitudes using one network, and this attribute makes the approach more suitable for raw motion data with heterogeneous mixed noise. Second, due to the usage of perceptual loss, which measures the difference in high-level features extracted by a pretrained perceptual autoencoder, BRA-P improves the perceptual similarity between refined motion data and clean motion data, especially for the case where the noisy data and target clean data have different topologies. Third, BRA-P further improves the bone-length consistency and smoothness of the refined motion using the perceptual autoencoder as a postprocessing network. Ablation experiments verify the effect of the three technical contributions of our approach. The results of the experiments on synthetic noise data and raw motion data captured by Kinect demonstrate that our method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods in the cleaning of mixed-noise data by one network.

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