The morphology and composition of RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti and IrO 2 -RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti anodes, which have been used for the production of chlorine for more than 10 years, were analyzed by various methods; such as high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), high-resolution Auger electron spectroscopy (HR-AES), electron probe X-ray emission microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Drastic changes in the surface morphology, including partial exfoliation of a small amount of the oxide layer and a reduction in the content of ruthenium species through dissolution, were observed for the RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti anode. For the IrO 2 -RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti anode, on the other hand, there were moderate changes in the surface morphology and moderate dissolution of iridium and ruthenium species.
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