The liquid-crystal display industry has shown rapid growth in five market areas, namely, notebook computers, monitors, mobile equipment, mobile telephones, and televisions. The continual growth in network infrastructures will drive the demand for displays in mobile applications and flat panels for computer monitors and TVs. The specifications of these applications will require high-quality displays that are inexpensive, energy-efficient, lightweight, and thin.Amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are widely used for flat-panel displays. However, the low field-effect
MRS BULLETIN/NOVEMBER 2002
AbstractThe elimination of conventional peripheral LSI (large-scale integration) drivers is considered essential to the development of future low-cost, energy-efficient, lightweight, and thin displays. System-on-glass (SOG) displays are a type of display with various functional circuits integrated on a glass substrate. Low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin-film transistors (TFTs) make the integration of circuits possible because they can be assembled into complex, high-current driver circuits. Furthermore, LTPS TFTs are attracting attention for driving organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). This article introduces present and future LTPS TFT technologies for SOG displays. Figure 6. (a), (b) Threshold voltage as controlled by boron channel doping. I d drain current. (c), (d) Dependence of (c) phosphorus and (d) boron dose on activation efficiency in furnace annealing.
A large shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum of gold nanoparticles was attained by electrochemical oxidation of the nanoparticle surface. This oxidation occurred in the cell, which consisted of a pair of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and water medium between the electrodes. On one side of the ITO electrode, the gold nanoparticles were adsorbed. With the application of a voltage of 5 V to the cell, a spectrum shift as large as 68 nm was obtained. Though the spectrum shift has already been observed by changing liquid crystal (LC) orientation surrounding gold nanoparticles, the size of the shift was not large (11 nm). That was because the variation of the effective refractive index of LC was rather small. Our large shift due to electrochemical oxidation resulted from the large refractive index of Au-O. The electrochemical oxidation was confirmed by XPS analysis of the gold nanoparticles with the LSPR spectrum shift. Other possible mechanisms of the shift such as charge localization, aggregation, and adsorption of charged materials proved to have no effect via SEM measurement and so on. This large shift of the resonance spectrum can be expected to lead to further development of spatial light modulators for next-generation optical communications and displays.
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