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A new concept of using dimethyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel in direct injection compression ignition engines with low compression ratios was presented to seek a combustion regime with the highest thermal efficiency. The concept was experimentally evaluated by a comparison of performance and emissions between a DME-fuelled engine and the corresponding conventional diesel engine. The result demonstrated that the DME-fuelled engine is superior to the conventional diesel engine in terms of thermal efficiency, emissions and engine noise, particularly at low compression ratios. However, NOx emission is unacceptably high and needs to be reduced by exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) or after-treatment systems.

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