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Land-use classification using remote sensing images covers a wide range of applications. With more detailed spatial and textural information provided in very high resolution (VHR) remote sensing images, a greater range of objects and spatial patterns can be observed than ever before. This offers us a new opportunity for advancing the performance of land-use classification. In this paper, we first introduce an effective midlevel visual elements-oriented land-use classification method based on "partlets," which are a library of pretrained part detectors used for midlevel visual elements discovery. Taking advantage of midlevel visual elements rather than low-level image features, a partlets-based method represents images by computing their responses to a large number of part detectors. As the number of part detectors grows, a main obstacle to the broader application of this method is its computational cost. To address this problem, we next propose a novel framework to train coarse-to-fine shared intermediate representations, which are termed "sparselets," from a large number of pretrained part detectors. This is achieved by building a single-hidden-layer autoencoder and a single-hidden-layer neural network with an L0-norm sparsity constraint, respectively. Comprehensive evaluations on a publicly available 21-class VHR land-use data set and comparisons with state-of-the-art approaches demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of this paper.

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3D models of humans are commonly used within computer graphics and vision, and so the ability to distinguish between body shapes is an important shape retrieval problem. We extend our recent paper which provided a benchmark for testing non-rigid 3D shape retrieval algorithms on 3D human models. This benchmark provided a far stricter challenge than previous shape benchmarks. We

3-D shape analysis has attracted extensive research efforts in recent years, where the major challenge lies in designing an effective high-level 3-D shape feature. In this paper, we propose a multi-level 3-D shape feature extraction framework by using deep learning. The low-level 3-D shape descriptors are first encoded into geometric bag-of-words, from which middle-level patterns are discovered to explore geometric relationships among words. After that, high-level shape features are learned via deep belief networks, which are more discriminative for the tasks of shape classification and retrieval. Experiments on 3-D shape recognition and retrieval demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods.Index Terms-3-D model recognition, 3-D model retrieval, bag-of-words, deep belief networks, deep learning.

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