We use the scanning-electron-microscope-electron-backscattering diffraction (SEM-EBSD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and calculations based on the phenomenological theory of martensite crystallography (PTMC) to study two types of martensite observed in ceriadoped zirconia. The results indicate that a plate-type martensite has various habit planes such as f301g t , f100g t , and f10 1 0g t , which suggests the association of different lattice correspondences and lattice-invariant shears in PTMC. A pyramid-type martensite has only f301g t habit plane. The shape strains of the variants associated with these habit planes are effective in accommodating the shape strains of the transformation in the near-surface region, as proposed by Deville et al. (2004). Although pyramidal structures appear predominantly on surfaces near the ð001Þ t plane, they also appear on surfaces near ð100Þ t and ð010Þ t planes. These results are understood from the shape strains calculated by the PTMC.
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