The 6′-fluorinated aristeromycins were designed as dual-target antiviral compounds aimed at inhibiting both the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the host cell Sadenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase, which would indirectly target capping of viral RNA. The introduction of a fluorine at the 6′position enhanced the inhibition of SAH hydrolase and the activity against RNA viruses. The adenosine and N 6 -methyladenosine analogues 2a−e showed potent inhibition against SAH hydrolase, while only the adenosine derivatives 2a−c exhibited potent antiviral activity against all tested RNA viruses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, chikungunya virus, and/or Zika virus. 6′,6′-Difluoroaristeromycin (2c) showed the strongest antiviral effect for MERS-CoV, with a ∼2.5 log reduction in infectious progeny titer in viral load reduction assay. The phosphoramidate prodrug 3a also demonstrated potent broad-spectrum antiviral activity, possibly by inhibiting the viral RdRp. This study shows that 6′-fluorinated aristeromycins can serve as starting points for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents that target RNA viruses.
(-)-6'-β-Fluoro-aristeromycin (2), a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase, has been synthesized via stereoselective electrophilic fluorination followed by a purine base build-up approach. Interestingly, purine base condensation using a cyclic sulfate resulted in a synthesis of (+)-5'-β-fluoro-isoaristeromycin (2a). Computational analysis indicates that the fluorine atom controlled the regioselectivity of the purine base substitution.
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