Benefit from the quick development of deep learning techniques, salient object detection has achieved remarkable progresses recently. However, there still exists following two major challenges that hinder its application in embedded devices, low resolution output and heavy model weight. To this end, this paper presents an accurate yet compact deep network for efficient salient object detection. More specifically, given a coarse saliency prediction in the deepest layer, we first employ residual learning to learn side-output residual features for saliency refinement, which can be achieved with very limited convolutional parameters while keep accuracy. Secondly, we further propose reverse attention to guide such side-output residual learning in a top-down manner. By erasing the current predicted salient regions from side-output features, the network can eventually explore the missing object parts and details which results in high resolution and accuracy. Experiments on six benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach compares favorably against state-of-the-art methods, and with advantages in terms of simplicity, efficiency (45 FPS) and model size (81 MB).

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The purpose of camouflaged object detection (COD) is to identify the hidden camouflaged object in an input image. Compared with other binary segmentation tasks like salient object detection, COD needs to deal with more complex scenes, such as low contrast, similar foreground and background. In this work, we proposed a novel guided multi-scale refinement network for COD. Specifically, we first design a global perception module for coarse localization by stacking multi-scale residual block on the top of the backbone in a recurrent manner. Then, we propose the guided multi-scale refinement module to refine such initial prediction progressively, which is combined with multi-level side-output features in a prediction-to-feature fusion strategy. By plugging into side-output features for multi-scale guidance, the missing object parts and false detection can be well remedied. Experimental results show that our proposed network can more accurately locate the camouflaged object and salient object with sharpened details than existing state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, our model is also very efficient and compact, which enables potential real-world applications.

This article analyses how performatively heteronormative, male teenage Chinese fans consume sports games through the prism of masculinity, using secondary school students’ engagement with the NBA (National Basketball Association) as a case study. Drawing on focus groups of twenty-three participants, we discover that male teenage sports fans constantly evoke elite NBA athletes as male ideals to define a desirable, heteronormative wen-wu masculinity specific to the post-reform era. In this process, they often engage in a double-standard practice, manifesting as their appropriation of the CP (coupling) rhetoric to ‘ship’ athletes and their problematisation of heterosexual women and LGBTQ fans’ similar usage of it. This double-standard practice constitutes an attempt to monopolise the interpretation of masculinity both within and outside of the sporting context. It sheds light on the heteronormative male cohort’s rejection of alternative masculinities, underscoring how aspects of gender politics unfolding in wider society are reflected in China’s teenage sports fandom.

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