predominant vacancy associate V AgS and V AgSAg , respectively. These vacancies induced significant changes in the electronic structure and activation energy of these nanomaterials, and further changed their physicochemical properties. Compared with Ag 2 S, Ag 2 S-100 exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative E. coli without light irradiation. A new possible mechanism explanation revealed that Ag 2 S-100 can generate abundant ROS such as 1 O 2 , and h + to kill bacteria in the absence of light. The antibacterial experiment by mouse skininfection with P. aeruginosa further confirmed the outstanding performance of Ag 2 S-100. This work provides insight into the antibacterial mechanism of vacancy-dependent Ag 2 S and opens up a new research field of antibacterial reagents that generate ROS without light energy.
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