Abstract. To verify that a forward displaced position has effects on the driver injury levels in front-end collisions and estimate the injury levels in real accidents under this situation, a series of sled tests were conducted with dummy in different forward displaced positions. Injury response values of different body regions were calculated and used to estimate the distribution of injury levels in real accidents. The results of sled tests showed that injuries response values of the dummy driver increased obviously as its body leaned forward. And the estimated distribution of injury levels had a good similarity with statistics results. This method could also be employed to have a more comprehensive estimation of automotive active safety on occupant protection.
Two kinds of knee airbags and dummy crash simulation models are established, and the accuracy of the models is verified by comparing the knee module impact test data and CAE simulation data. A knee airbag and dummy crash simulation system is established, and the frontal collision finite element simulation of the Chinese 50th percentile dummy is carried out under the three conditions of no knee airbag, bottom-mounted knee airbag, and rear-mounted knee airbag. According to the regulations of China-New Car Assessment Program (CNCAP), the injury data of major body parts such as the head, chest, femur, and legs are compared and analyzed, and the differences in damage to the dummy caused by the bottom-mounted knee airbag, the non-knee airbag and the rear-mounted knee airbag are focused on. Conclusion: Compared with the HIII dummy with knee airbag, the chest compression and tibia compression force of the Chinese dummy with knee airbag are larger, and the compression force of femur is smaller; compared with the condition without knee airbag, the value of head acceleration, tibial index, chest deformation, etc of Chinese dummy can be reduced with knee airbag, but the tibial axial force and knee side displacement have increased; compared with the condition of the rear-mounted knee airbag, the bottom-mounted knee airbag has better protection performance for the dummy’s head, chest, upper leg, and lower leg, but the knee side displacement of bottom-mounted knee airbag is greater, and the axial compression of the tibia is greater. This paper can provide a theoretical basis for the design of knee airbag in the Chinese market and the development of Chinese human dummy.
Sandwich panel is a widely used protective component, this paper designs Bidirectionally Arranged Bionic sandwich Panel (BABP) and Unidirectionally Arranged Bionic sandwich Panel (UABP) according to the appendage of Odontodactylus scyllarus. Meanwhile, Triangular sandwich Panel (TP), Corrugated sandwich Panel (CP) and Elliptical arc sandwich Panel (EP) are accordingly designed as a comparison. Hyperworks and LS-DYNA are used to simulate the impact conditions, and the drop-weight test shows that the finite element simulation is reliable. Bionic sandwich panels have excellent protective effect at the impact velocity of 6–14[Formula: see text]m/s. UABP has the best comprehensive impact resistance by comparing the deformation, specific energy absorption (SEA) and peak force (PF) of the five kinds of sandwich panels under five impact velocities. Parameter analysis and response surface optimization work based on orthogonal experiments are carried out for UABP, the results are that the wall thickness [Formula: see text] and the triangle-width ratio [Formula: see text] have extremely significant influences on the SEA, and the order of influence is [Formula: see text]; the wall thickness [Formula: see text] and the arc-width ratio [Formula: see text] have extremely influences on PF, and the triangle-width ratio [Formula: see text] has a significant influence on PF, and the order of influence is [Formula: see text]. Both the errors about SEA and PF of the optimal solutions are less than 5%. The comprehensive evaluation index of the optimal UABP is larger than that of sandwich panels by 29.15%, 52.61%, 65.64%, 40.5%. This research is expected to provide new perspectives on the design of sandwich panels.
This chapter aims to study whether and how current practices based on the development of new energy vehicles can help promote carbon neutrality in China and in turn contribute to the improvement of global issues related to climate change. Meanwhile, this chapter will explore the role of the government in promoting the development of new energy vehicles in the aspect of sustainable development through policies. How do these institutions promote the development of new energy vehicles in various companies and different provinces in China? How will these developments in turn affect stakeholders in various sectors? This chapter will investigate the impact of China's devotion to the field of new energy vehicles on the sustainable development and low-carbon economy issue. Cases from China will be used to illustrate the improvement the new energy vehicle will make to the low-carbon economy. This chapter will provide suggestions for the government to deal with the problems that occur in the field of new energy vehicles and solve the confronted problems in the aspect of climate change.
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