Abstract.A number of analytical, numerical and experimental techniques are available for reduction of stress concentration factor around discontinuities. Determination of stress concentration factor around different discontinuities in a rectangular plate made up of different materials under different loading conditions has been reported in literature. Mitigation of stress concentration factor although, an area with very earlier findings however, is lesser reported in the literature. An attempt has been made in the present work to present an overview of various techniques developed for analysis and mitigation of stress concentration factor. The methods compared are tabulated with their findings. No single method can be suggested for each and every condition to the reduction of stress concentration; still the present comparative study will help in deciding the stress mitigation method for a particular case. Singularities of circular hole in rectangular plate and elliptical hole in rectangular plate are considered in present study. Separate nomenclature has not been given and the terms are defined as and where used. References are used as per their occurrence and not in a particular order.

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A machine component goes through various stress conditions and it is essential for a designer to analyze the stresses generated in the component accurately. Experimental stress analysis plays a vital role in designing a component.

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Farming is a very important part of our country in different manners. Traditional methods are not effective for matching today’s world requirements in farming. The world requires efficient & effective technological advancements in farming that are smart, cheap, effective as well as durable & can increase significantly yield. This need gave birth to the idea of a cable suspended farming robot, called "FarmPet". FarmPet is based on a simple mechanism which helps to hover a robot over the field with the help of multiple rope supports. Idea utilizes calculus equations, software programming & inverse kinematics to move the central robot. Through arrangement of four poles (minimum) with a stepper motor mounted on each, cables are driven from each motor and a central robot is fixed at the common end of the cables & is moved around the field supported by these cables. Software algorithms make the central robot move with constant velocity in a circular or straight line path over the field by continuously changing cable lengths in coordination. Robot is designed to perform agricultural tasks like pesticide sprinkling, insecticide sprinkling, spreading seeds, field surveillance, surveying crops & land mapping for efficient cropping without touching crops on ground or even disturbing sensitive crops. Practical testing on the model proved successful, calculations were found efficient and the algorithm worked.

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Friction stir welding (FSW) is widely used to join different grades of aluminium alloy but for steel material it requires high speed rotation of FSW tool which develops high temperature on tool. This review paper is concerned with the effect of temperature in the FSW process and heat generation by the high speed of rotation on the FSW apparatus. The other parameter has also studied to show the effect on FSW tool in stir welding process. In this work different research papers and their work are presented. The variety of work on stir welding process is discussed by hypothetical analysis on past performance.

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